The quest to have a documented and empirical proof of the extent and level of commitment of Russia and Nigeria in playing their roles as regional powers was the motivating factor of emberking on this project. The author meticulously analysis the economic, political and social roles Russia has been playing in her region after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. This is juxtaposed with the similar roles Nigeria has been playing in her immediate neibouring countries in particular and in Africa as a whole. The work rates the efforts of the two countries high but cautions that a lot more is still needed to sustain peaceful regions. Perhaps, this is the only known attempt to analytically project the two countries comparatively in any form of studies.