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Civil War tokens are tangible reminders of American history. These small, cent-sized tokens were privately issued by American tradesmen and others during the war. They were used to advertise businesses and also to grease the wheels of commerce during a nationwide coin shortage. By the summer of 1862, nervous citizens had hoarded all of the nation's gold and silver coins and even its small copper-nickel Flying Eagle and Indian Head one-cent coins. This caused a financial emergency as it became nearly impossible to make change for everyday transactions. Millions of private tokens became substitutes for official U.S. coins, spent and accepted as 1[ each by the public. Today these tokens are highly collectible. Novice and experienced collectors alike, as well as history buffs and everyone interested in the American Civil War, will find this volume a fascinating and indispensable reference. Inside: How to identify and collect Civil War patriotic tokens and store cards. Detailed historical Table of Contents Foreword by John Ostendorf Publisher's Preface Reminiscence by Dr. George Fuld Introduction Style, Terminology, and Arrangement Notes Chapter 1: Overview and Key to Using This Book Chapter 2: Before the Civil War Chapter 3: Money of the Civil War Chapter 4: Civil War Tokens and the History of Collecting Them Chapter 5: Aspects of Collecting Civil War Tokens. Chapter 6: Patriotic Civil War Tokens Chapter 7: Civil War Store Cards Appendix A: Selected Civil War Token Engravers and Coiners Appendix B: Location Unknown Civil War Store Cards Appendix C: Fuld Numbers Now Non-Contemporary Appendix D: Non-Contemporary Store Cards, by Issuer Appendix E: Encased Postage Stamps of 1862 Appendix F: Civil War Sutler Tokens Notes Selected Bibliography and Resources About the Author Credits and Acknowledgments General Index Index of Die-Maker Ascriptions Index of Store Cards by Occupation or Service