A History of Agriculture across the Abbay valley of South Gondar zone has been along period of establishment. It is as old as human civilization. It emerged in the Nile valley and spread to Nubia and the northern western parts of Ethiopia. Agriculture, which constitutes cereal production and Animal husbandry, is the backbone and source of livelihood of the area. Drought and food insecurity are among the characterizing features of the valley. As the result, this book describes the nature and expansion of Agriculture, the features of livestock, drought and food insecurity, the role of Abbay to the economy of the people and recent trends and developments across the Abbay valley of south Gonder zone in the late twentieth century.