In This Book, I Reappraise Kumarajiva's Life, His Role and Contribution to Medieval Chinese Buddhism, as Well as the Cultural and Social Environment Prior and Contemporary to Him. I Especially Pay Attention to His Translation of the Mediation Texts Such as "the Essential Explanation of the Method of Dhyana," to Find Evidence That He Not Only Advocated Mahayana, but Also Hinayana Buddhism Throughout His Life and Works.