The tea, both black and green, has been reported to contain a number of chemical constituents with remarkable medicinal values. Like many other roots tea root is also a store house of chemicals of biological and medicinal interest. Tea root extract and two of the triterpene saponins named as TS1 and TS2 isolated from the its butanolic fraction reported to have potent anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant activities. The study that has been illustrated in this book includes the reports and explanations of detailed investigations with crude tea root extract as well as with its triterpinoid saponins that would establish their in vivo and in vitro anti-cancer activities with special reference to leukemia.The therapeutic potential of TRE as established by different experimental outcome has been presented in five separate chapters. Chapter 1 deals with general introduction related to the importance of phytochemicals in cancer chemoprevention with the overview of leukemia. Chapter 2,3,4 successively deal with experimental works in vivo and in vitro that establish the potency of tea root as a novel therapeutic agent for cancer.