The question of the environment and economics is a subject that is currently at the center of the most heated discussions of our era. In the economic visions of the past, from the mercantilists to the modern economists, the environmental question had not yet had this prominent place. However, this dimension has taken its place following the awareness of environmental issues. This article attempts to find a conceptual ground that would allow to highlight in a dynamic way the relationship between production and polluting emission that, pragmatically, harms the environmental system. The notions of green taxation and green subsidy, probably new concepts, are at the center of this presentation to bring some thoughts and solutions for the trade-off between production and pollution.