C Composing and Revising C1 Planning C2 Drafting C3 Writing paragraphs C4 Reviewing, revising, and editing C5 Preparing a portfolio; reflecting on your writing A Academic Reading, Writing, and Speaking A1 Reading and writing critically
A2 Reading and writing about multimodal texts
A3 Reading arguments
A4 Writing arguments
A5 Speaking confidently
A6 Writing in the disciplines
R Researched writing R1 Thinking like a researcher; gathering sources R2 Managing information; taking notes responsibly R3 Evaluating sources MLA MLA Style MLA-1 Supporting a thesis MLA-2 Citing sources; avoiding plagiarism MLA-3 Integrating sources MLA-4 Documenting sources MLA-5 Format and sample research essay APA CMS APA Style and CMS Style APA-1 Supporting a thesis APA-2 Citing sources; avoiding plagiarism APA-3 Integrating sources APA-4 Documenting sources APA-5 Format and sample research essay CMS-1 Supporting a thesis CMS-2 Citing sources; avoiding plagiarism CMS-3 Integrating sources CMS-4 Documenting sources CMS-5 Format and sample research essay S Sentence Style S1 Parallelism S2 Needed words S3 Problems with modifiers S4 Shifts S5 Mixed constructions S6 Sentence emphasis S7 Sentence variety W Word choice W1 Glossary of usage W2 Wordy sentences W3 Active verbs W4 Appropriate language W5 Exact language G Grammatical sentences G1 Subject-verb agreement G2 Verb form, tenses, and moods G3 Pronouns G4 Adjectives and adverbs G5 Sentence fragments G6 Run-on sentences M Multilingual Writers and ESL topics M1 Verbs M2 Articles M3 Sentence structure M4 Using adjectives M5 Prepositions and idiomatic expressions M6 Paraphrasing sources effectively P Punctuation and Mechanics P1 The comma P2 Unnecessary commas P3 The semicolon and the colon P4 The apostrophe P5 Quotation marks P6 Other punctuation marks P7 Spelling and hyphenation P8 Capitalization P9 Abbreviations and numbers P10 Italics B Basic Grammar B1 Parts of speech B2 Sentence patterns B3 Subordinate word groups B4 Sentence types I Index [[only for WAL edition]] L Writing about Literature L1 Reading to form an interpretation L2 Planning the paper L3 Writing the paper L4 Observing conventions L5 Integrating quotations from the text L6 Using secondary sources L7 Sample papers
