Abdominal X-rays for Medical Students is a comprehensive resource offering guidance on reading, presenting and interpreting abdominal radiographs. Suitable for medical students, junior doctors, nurses and trainee radiographers, this brand new title is clearly illustrated using a unique colour overlay system to present the main pathologies and to highlight the abnormalities in abdomen x-rays. Abdominal X-rays for Medical Students : - Covers the key knowledge and skills necessary for practical use - Provides an effective and memorable way to analyse and present abdominal radiographs - the…mehr
Abdominal X-rays for Medical Students is a comprehensive resource offering guidance on reading, presenting and interpreting abdominal radiographs. Suitable for medical students, junior doctors, nurses and trainee radiographers, this brand new title is clearly illustrated using a unique colour overlay system to present the main pathologies and to highlight the abnormalities in abdomen x-rays.
Abdominal X-rays for Medical Students : - Covers the key knowledge and skills necessary for practical use - Provides an effective and memorable way to analyse and present abdominal radiographs - the unique 'ABCDE' system as developed by the authors - Presents each radiograph twice, side by side: the first as seen in the clinical setting, and the second with the pathology clearly highlighted - Includes self-assessment to test knowledge and presentation technique
With a systematic approach covering both the analysis of radiographs and next steps mirroring the clinical setting and context, Abdominal X-rays for Medical Students is a succinct and up-to-date overview of the principles and practice of this important topic.
Christopher Clarke is a communications expert in local government. He specialises in cohesion, and in building bridges between values groups. Previous roles and experiences: ¿ Labour press officer in South Thanet for the 2015 election, and previously to a Labour MEP ¿ Leadership bids of David Miliband, Liz Kendall and Angela Eagle ¿ Contributing to reports by the Labour Cruddas Review, the TUC, and values polling to understand the 2017 election ¿ Organiser in Virginia for the 2012 Obama campaign ¿ Designing segmentation on migration attitudes ¿ Presenting on values and cohesion to the London Riots Panel, MHCLG, the LGA and the Constituency Labour Party ¿ Monitoring online extremism, writing a guide for local councils on building trust, developing narratives to tackle the far right in Greenwich ¿ Extensive opinion research in communities across the UK
Inhaltsangabe
Preface vii Acknowledgements viii Learning objectives checklist ix Part 1 About X-rays 1 What are X-rays? 1 How are X-rays produced? 1 How do X-rays make an image? 2 How are X-ray images (radiographs) stored? 3 Radiation hazards 3 The Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 3 In women of reproductive age 3 Indications for an abdominal X-ray 4 Abdominal X-ray views 5 AP Supine abdominal X-ray 5 Other views 5 Radiograph quality 6 Inclusion 6 Exposure 6 Normal anatomy on an abdominal X-ray 8 Right and left (Figure 7) 8 Quadrants and regions (Figure 8) 8 Abdominal viscera 1 (Figure 9) 8 Abdominal viscera 2 (Figure 10) 9 Skeletal structures (Figure 11) 10 Pelvis (Figure 12) 10 Lung bases (may be visualised at the top of the abdomen) (Figure 13) 11 Bowel 1 (Figure 14) 11 Bowel 2 (Figure 15) 12 Presenting an abdominal radiograph 14 Be systematic! 14 Part 2 Overview of the ABCDE of abdominal radiographs 15 A - Air in the wrong place 16 Pneumoperitoneum (gas in the peritoneal cavity) 21 Pneumoretroperitoneum (gas in the retroperitoneal space) 26 Pneumobilia (gas in the biliary tree) 28 Portal venous gas (gas in the portal vein) 29 B - Bowel 17 Dilated small bowel 30 Dilated large bowel 34 Volvulus 37 Dilated stomach 40 Hernia 41 Bowel wall inflammation 43 Faecal loading 48 Faecal impaction 49 C - Calcification 18 Gallstones in the gallbladder (cholelithiasis) 50 Renal stones (urolithiasis) 53 Bladder stones 56 Nephrocalcinosis 57 Pancreatic calcification 58 Adrenal calcification 59 Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) calcification 60 Fetus 62 Calcified structures of little clinical significance 63 Calcified costal cartilage 63 Phleboliths ('vein stones') 63 Calcified mesenteric lymph nodes 64 Calcified uterine fibroids 65 Prostate calcification 65 Abdominal aortic calcification (normal calibre) 66 Splenic artery calcification 66 D - Disability (bones and solid organs) 19 Pelvic fractures - 3 Polo rings test 67 Sclerotic and lucent bone lesions 68 Spine pathology 69 Solid organ enlargement 71 E - Everything else 20 Medical and surgical objects (iatrogenic) 73 Surgical clips/staples/sutures 73 Urinary catheter 75 Supra-pubic catheter 75 Nasogastric (NG) and nasojejunal (NJ) tubes 76 Flatus tube 77 Surgical drain 78 Nephrostomy catheter 78 Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter 79 Gastric band device 79 Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)/radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) 80 Stoma bag 80 Stents 81 Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter 84 Intra-uterine device (IUD) 85 Pessary 85 Foreign bodies 86 Retained surgical swab 86 Swallowed objects 87 Objects inserted per-rectum (PR) 88 Clothing artefact 90 Piercings 90 Body packer 91 Lung bases 93 Self-assessment questions 94 Self-assessment answers 99 Glossary 107 Index 112
