This work explores the relationship between induced abortion and mental health with a special focus on political controversy regarding the issue. It explains abortion in medical terms, pay attention to psychological effects and consequences, explores historical background of the phenomenon, and refers to legislative regarding this issue in the world and in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Expert groups have so far found opposite scientific evidence of a causal relationship between abortion and poor mental health. Pre-existing factors in a woman's life, such as emotional attachment to the pregnancy, lack of social support, psychiatric illness, and conservative views on abortion increase the likelihood of experiencing negative feelings after abortion. Some societies ban abortion almost completely while others permit it in certain cases. Most opponents of abortion agree that abortion for the sake of the mother's health can be morally acceptable if there is a real risk of serious damage to the mother ...