Prematurity and its complications have been studied by obstetricians over the years. However, preterm birth and prematurity itself is a global health problem that remains to be solved. Discoveries in the field of biopharmaceutics have provided important guidelines, with which today we manage prematurity, to mitigate its consequences in neonates. The WHO defines prematurity as any birth occurring before 37 weeks or 259 days after the first day of the last menstrual period. We are grateful for the work and hours of research of many who have contributed in these decades to try to offer mothers and society, newborns with a better quality of life.