This book contains an introductory chapter on the chemistry of vinegar and acetic anhydride. The chemistry of wood and lignocellulosic fibres, wood modifications with various reagents with emphasis on acetylation of wood/cellulose for improvement of physical and chemical properties for protection against both chemical and physical degradative agents and for enhanced surface properties for proper surface interactions with synthetic polymers. In this book is contained brief literature on acetylating reagents used in wood/fibre modification. The Chapter two of this book deals with the detailed synthesis pedagogue used for wood-dust/flour modification. In this book is contained the application of a readily available and low cost novel solvent for acetylation of wood/natural fibres. Dissolution of polyethylene and preparation of blends was also included. Chapter three deal with the experimental results of the study of acetylated products.