The monograph examines the main directions of the Society for the Study of the Kyrgyz (Kazakh) region, organized in the 20s of XX century for historical archeological, natural-geographical, ethnographic and economic research. Activity of the Society for the Study of the Kazakh land, covers a wide range of works of its branches, scientific commissions, museums and research studies. The special role of the scientific society in creation and functioning of museums, libraries and liaison with committee of national education, scientific institutions of the soviet state is underlined.