In the work based on complex examinations of patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis features of the major variants of clinical course of this disease, the characteristics of cognitive functions, the parameters of neurospecific immunity and magnetic resonance tomography pattern in these patients are presented. The quality of life of patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and the prognostic significance of clinical and paraclinical indices for different types of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis course and its transformation into multiple sclerosis are assessed and summarized.