The following work describes the life history of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and analyzes the factors that influence adherence to pharmacological treatment. For data collection, an in-depth investigation was carried out through semi-structured interviews and the application of the SMAQ questionnaire, directed to four HIV carriers between 28 and 47 years of age, who constitute a voluntary participatory sample. As a result, the main factors related to adherence to pharmacological treatment are: motivation to live, beliefs, attitudes and feelings about medication, quality of care, support networks, comprehensive care, beliefs and feelings about the disease, relationship with the health care team, awareness of the disease, supervision of medication intake, and lifestyle.