This volume of Advanced Mineralogy encompasses six different areas having two features in common: they are related to one of the largest enterprises of the second half of this century; and represent the ultimate and final extension of the concept of mineral matter. - Understanding mineral matter in Space is one of the principal purposes of cosmic exploration. This includes the results of compa rative planetology, lunar epopee, sophisticated meteorite studies (now more than 500 meteorite minerals), discovery of the interstellar mineral dust forming some 60 trillion of earth masses in the…mehr
This volume of Advanced Mineralogy encompasses six different areas having two features in common: they are related to one of the largest enterprises of the second half of this century; and represent the ultimate and final extension of the concept of mineral matter. - Understanding mineral matter in Space is one of the principal purposes of cosmic exploration. This includes the results of compa rative planetology, lunar epopee, sophisticated meteorite studies (now more than 500 meteorite minerals), discovery of the interstellar mineral dust forming some 60 trillion of earth masses in the Galaxy, and terrestrial impact crater studies. It is possible now to speak of mineralogy of the Universum, and the mineralogical type of the states of matter in the Universe. Direct samples of mantle xenoliths and ultrahigh pressure-tem perature experiments make it possible to consider the mineral ogical composition of the Earth as a whole, including the upper an lower mantle and the Earth's core.Deep ocean drilling programs, a scientific fleet of hundreds of vessels and several submersibles have brought about great dis coveries in the geology, metalogeny, and mineralogy of the ocean floor the largest part of the Earth's surface, in particular revealing new genetic, crystallochemical, and ore types of min eral formation.
1 Mineral Matter in Space.- 1.1 Types of the States of Matter in the Universe.- 1.2 Interstellar Dust.- Interactions with Starlight.- Abundance Constraints.- Spectral Absorption Features.- Sizes and Shapes of Dust Grains.- 1.3 Interstellar Diamond.- 1.4 Interplanetary Dust.- Chondritic Dusts.- IDP Alteration.- The Original Dusts.- Future Research.- 1.5 Cosmogenic Matter in Terrestrial Environments.- The Nature of Interplanetary Dust.- 1.6 Giant Planets.- Observational Data.- The Theoretical Background: Equations of State.- Model of Giant Planets.- The Evolution of Giant Planets.- 1.7 Constitution of the Terrestrial Planets and the Moon.- Moon.- Mars.- Mercury.- Venus.- 1.8 Mineralogy of Meteorites and Asteroids.- 1.9 Irradiation Effects on the Lunar Solids and Meteorites: Solar Wind, Solar Flares, and Galactic Cosmic Ray Records in the Lunar Minerals; Ion Implantation.- 1.10 Mineralogy of Astroblems: Terrestrial Impact Craters.- 2 Mineralogy of the Mantle and Core.- 2.1 Mineralogical Structure of the Earth: Earth Geoscience Transect.- 2.2 The Upper Mantle.- 2.3 The Lower Mantle.- 2.4 The Earth's Core.- 3 Mineralogy and Mineral Resources of the Ocean Floor.- 3.1 Stages of the Great Discoveries in the Ocean's Geology, Metallogeny, and Mineralogy.- 3.2 Minerals of the Sea Floor: Manganese Nodules, Crusts, and Phosphorites.- 3.3 Hydrothermal Mineralization in the Rift Zones of Mid-Ocean Ridges.- 4 Biomineralization.- 4.1 Tracers of Evolution. Impact of the Biosphere.- 4.2 Diversity and Phylum Distribution of Biominerals.- Selectivity of Biominerals.- "Strange Minerals".- Special Features of Biominerals.- Two Typesof Biomineral-Forming Processes.- 4.3 Magnetotactic Bacteria.Microorganisms in Ore-Forming Processes.- 5 Environmental Mineralogy, Radiation Mineralogy.-5.1 General Overview: The Global Problem of the Impact of the Production of Energy, Metals, Materials, Chemicals, and Radionuclides in the Modern Industrial Society on Air, Water, and Soil Pollution.- 5.2 Concepts and Methods for Applications of Mineralogy to Environmental Management.- 5.3 Special Examples of Applications of Mineralogy and Geochemistry to Environmental Problems.- 5.4 Radiation Mineralogy.- 6 Gemology and Jewelry: Scientific and Technological Bases. Artistic Value of Minerals.- 6.1 New Concept of Gemology and Jewelry; Crucial Changes and Contemporary Situation.- 6.2 Diamond in Gemology.- 6.3 Problems of Gemology of Precious Stones.- of Volume 1: Composition, Structure, and Properties of Mineral Matter.- of Volume 2: Methods and Instrumentation.
1 Mineral Matter in Space.- 1.1 Types of the States of Matter in the Universe.- 1.2 Interstellar Dust.- Interactions with Starlight.- Abundance Constraints.- Spectral Absorption Features.- Sizes and Shapes of Dust Grains.- 1.3 Interstellar Diamond.- 1.4 Interplanetary Dust.- Chondritic Dusts.- IDP Alteration.- The Original Dusts.- Future Research.- 1.5 Cosmogenic Matter in Terrestrial Environments.- The Nature of Interplanetary Dust.- 1.6 Giant Planets.- Observational Data.- The Theoretical Background: Equations of State.- Model of Giant Planets.- The Evolution of Giant Planets.- 1.7 Constitution of the Terrestrial Planets and the Moon.- Moon.- Mars.- Mercury.- Venus.- 1.8 Mineralogy of Meteorites and Asteroids.- 1.9 Irradiation Effects on the Lunar Solids and Meteorites: Solar Wind, Solar Flares, and Galactic Cosmic Ray Records in the Lunar Minerals; Ion Implantation.- 1.10 Mineralogy of Astroblems: Terrestrial Impact Craters.- 2 Mineralogy of the Mantle and Core.- 2.1 Mineralogical Structure of the Earth: Earth Geoscience Transect.- 2.2 The Upper Mantle.- 2.3 The Lower Mantle.- 2.4 The Earth's Core.- 3 Mineralogy and Mineral Resources of the Ocean Floor.- 3.1 Stages of the Great Discoveries in the Ocean's Geology, Metallogeny, and Mineralogy.- 3.2 Minerals of the Sea Floor: Manganese Nodules, Crusts, and Phosphorites.- 3.3 Hydrothermal Mineralization in the Rift Zones of Mid-Ocean Ridges.- 4 Biomineralization.- 4.1 Tracers of Evolution. Impact of the Biosphere.- 4.2 Diversity and Phylum Distribution of Biominerals.- Selectivity of Biominerals.- "Strange Minerals".- Special Features of Biominerals.- Two Typesof Biomineral-Forming Processes.- 4.3 Magnetotactic Bacteria.Microorganisms in Ore-Forming Processes.- 5 Environmental Mineralogy, Radiation Mineralogy.-5.1 General Overview: The Global Problem of the Impact of the Production of Energy, Metals, Materials, Chemicals, and Radionuclides in the Modern Industrial Society on Air, Water, and Soil Pollution.- 5.2 Concepts and Methods for Applications of Mineralogy to Environmental Management.- 5.3 Special Examples of Applications of Mineralogy and Geochemistry to Environmental Problems.- 5.4 Radiation Mineralogy.- 6 Gemology and Jewelry: Scientific and Technological Bases. Artistic Value of Minerals.- 6.1 New Concept of Gemology and Jewelry; Crucial Changes and Contemporary Situation.- 6.2 Diamond in Gemology.- 6.3 Problems of Gemology of Precious Stones.- of Volume 1: Composition, Structure, and Properties of Mineral Matter.- of Volume 2: Methods and Instrumentation.
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