This book provides a comprehensive source of knowledge of new sorbent materials, presenting fundamental principles for their syntheses, and adsorption properties. It presents advanced techniques employed to create specialized sorbents with a wide range of functions, which can be used to enhance the separation and/or purification of useful bioactive compounds, heavy metals, dyes, and more. It discusses original results compared with the most recent developments in the field of separation processes, covering specialized sorbents such as monolith cryogels, composite hydrogels, metal impregnated ion exchangers, and molecularly imprinted polymers.