Climatology is the scientific study of climate or weather conditions averaged over an extended period of time. It is instrumental in the forecasting of weather by using analog techniques like El Nino-Southern Oscillation, the Madden-Julian oscillation, Arctic oscillation, Pacific decadal oscillation, etc. Projections of future climates as well as study of the dynamics of weather are achieved by employing different statistical and mathematical climate models. The study of various climatic phenomena is approached from the multiple dimensions of paleoclimatology, paleotempestology and historical climatology. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to climatology. It is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in this field. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.