Biotechnology has the potential to enhance the value and extensive exploration of existing various basic sciences including Microbiology. Microbiology has a lot of industrial, medical and agricultural value presently underutilized. That can be envisaged by adopting the biotechnological techniques in both basics and application techniques through increase the efficiency of microbes and microbial products. The book Advances in Microbial Biotechnology comprises seven chapters and each chapter deal with the possibilities of application of biotechnology techniques and tools to explore the basic resources of microbiology and its advance application in different fields such as synthetic genome, metagenomics, Genetic map, biopesticide and vaccines. It is expected that the readers will get an idea of relationship between biotechnology and microbiology how Biotechnology is utilized to enhance the microbiological application in different field. This book can hardly claim any originality in content, the figures, illustrations, photographs used are collected from various books, different educational websites, journals and review papers published previously for which the author is thankful.