The new generation of rotary NiTi endodontic instruments have added a striking new dimension to practice of endodontics. Rotary instrumentation with NiTi has proven to be a valid and science-based modality. With the advent of new shape memory alloys developed with superior properties over NiTi, has laid the foundation of biological success in both straightforward and more complicated clinical cases.With emerging technology, there is plethora of different systems available, and a large number of studies have focused on various physical and chemical aspects of NiTi files. Various proprietary methods and treatments have been introduced to enhance the cutting ability and file design.Today, any clinician performing root canal therapy should be acquainted with the current advances in file design and irrigation. Practitioners must always keep in mind that all file systems have their pros and cons, and ultimately clinical experience , handling properties , usage safety and case outcomes,should design the fate of particular treatment.