Advances in Soil Science

Volume 10
Mitarbeit: Beauchamp, E. G.; Binkley, D.; Buresh, R. J.; De Datta, S. K.; Hart, S. C.; McBride, M. B.

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

The series of critical reviews, Advances in Soil Science, fills a gap between scientific journals and comprehensive reference books. Scientists can delve into particular subjects. The series was formulated to be international in scope and to cover all subjects relating to soil science. Volume 10 contains contributions from scientists from Canada, the Philippines, and the United States on subjects relating to soil classification, nitrogen availability in forest soils, denitrification, nitrogen management in irrigated rice, and heavy metal solubilities in soils. The technical information herein will be invaluable for anyone concerned with optimizing crop production while conserving the soil as a resource.

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Soil is formed from physical and chemical weathering of rocks - processes described historically because they involve eons of time-by glaciation and by wind and water transport of soil materials, later deposited in deltas and loessial planes. Soil undergoes further transformations over time and provides a habitat for biological life and a base for the development of civilizations. Soil is dynamic -always changing as a result of the forces of nature and particularly by human influences. The soil has been studied as long as history has been documented. Numerous references to soil are found in historical writings such as Aristotle (384-322 B. c. ), Theophrastus (372-286 B. c. ), Cato the Elder (234-149 B. C. ) and Varro (116-27 B. c. ). Some of the earliest historical references have to do with erosional forces of wind and water. The study of soils today has taken on increased importance because a rapidly expanding population is placing demands on the soil never before experienced. This has led to an increase in land degradation and desertification. Desertifica tion is largely synonymous with land degradation but in an arid land context. Deterioration of soil resources is largely human induced. Poverty, ignorance, and greed are the indirect causes of desertification. The direct cause is mismanage ment of the land by practices such as overgrazing, tree removal, improper tillage, poorly designed and managed water distribution systems, and overexploitation.

Produktdetails

• Advances in Soil Science .10
• Verlag: Springer / Springer New York / Springer, Berlin
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 978-1-4613-8849-4
• Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1989
• Seitenzahl: 216
• Erscheinungstermin: 8. November 2011
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 235mm x 155mm x 12mm
• Gewicht: 335g
• ISBN-13: 9781461388494
• ISBN-10: 146138849X
• Artikelnr.: 36117287

Inhaltsangabe

Reactions Controlling Heavy Metal Solubility in Soils.- I. Introduction.- II. Ion-Exchange on Layer Silicates.- III. Chemisorption on Mineral Surfaces.- IV. Nucleation, Precipitation, and Solid Solutions.- V. Redox Processes Affecting Metal Solubility.- VI. Metal Adsorption by Organic Matter.- VII. Speciation of Metals in Solution.- VIII. Summary.- References.- The Components of Nitrogen Availability Assessments in Forest Soils.- I. Introduction.- II. The Framework.- III. The Methods.- IV. Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Carbon Sources for Bacterial Denitrification.- I. Introduction.- II. Carbon Sources.- III. Natural C Substrates.- IV. Coculture and Multiculture Systems.- V. Decomposition of Organic Materials and Denitrification.- VI. Denitrification in Relation to Measured Available Soil C Substrate.- VII. Denitrification Near Roots.- VIII. Acetylene as a C Substrate for Denitrifiers.- IX. Denitrification Kinetics Involving C Substrates.- X. Denitrification Versus Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction.- XI. Summary.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Integrated Nitrogen Management in Irrigated Rice.- I. Introduction.- II. Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilizer.- III. Ammonia Volatilization Loss.- IV. Denitrification Loss.- V. Management Agenda to Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency.- VI. Supplemental Sources of Nitrogen.- VII. Knowledge Gaps.- References.- Tropical Soils and Soil Classification Updates.- I. Introduction.- II. Keys to Soil Taxonomy 1987.- III. The FAO-UNESCO 1988 Update.- IV. Classifications and Soils of the Tropics.- References.