Advances in Solar Energy, now in its fifth year, is continuing with topics of the main field of solar energy conversion. However, because of the increasing interest in a solar systems approach, we have decided to include the article of Bockris et al., on Hydrogen Technology, which offers interesting aspects of transport and storage of solar energy, as well as the potential for a versatile fuel. The other articles cover the field of photovoltaics, solar energy-related mate rials, wind conversion, solar retrofitting of existing buildings, and new architectural designs in harmony with climate and…mehr
Advances in Solar Energy, now in its fifth year, is continuing with topics of the main field of solar energy conversion. However, because of the increasing interest in a solar systems approach, we have decided to include the article of Bockris et al., on Hydrogen Technology, which offers interesting aspects of transport and storage of solar energy, as well as the potential for a versatile fuel. The other articles cover the field of photovoltaics, solar energy-related mate rials, wind conversion, solar retrofitting of existing buildings, and new architectural designs in harmony with climate and the comfort of all occupants. These articles give a critical assessment of the present state of the art, and provide a long list of literature for further in-depth studies. I greatly appreciate the assistance of the Editors and referees of the articles for their many constructive suggestions. My special thanks go to Ms. Martha Hobbs for her dedicated work in typesetting the manuscript in the University of Delaware's Publication Office, and to the University of Delaware for their continued support. The accommodating help from Plenum Press and its production staff deserves our grateful acknowledgement.
1 Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Unique Advantages of ?-Si Solar Cell.- 1.3 Structure and Electronic Density of States.- 1.4 Film Deposition and Valency Control of ?-Si and Its Alloys.- 1.5 Carrier Transport and Drift Type Photolovtaic Effect in ?-Si.- 1.6 Characterization of Material and Junction Properties.- 1.7 Key Technologies for Improving Efficiency.- 1.8 Heterojunction Solar Cell.- 1.9 ?-Si Basis Stacked Solar Cell.- 1.10 Staebler-Wronski effect.- 1.11 Light Induced Degradation of ?-Si Solar Cell.- 1.12 Aspect of Application Systems.- 1.13 Conclusion.- 1.14 References.- 2 Advances in Solar Optical Materials.- 2.1 Abstract.- 2.2 Introduction.- 2.3 Antireflection Films.- 2.4 Metallic Reflector Materials.- 2.5 Solar Selective Absorbers.- 2.6 Radiative Cooling Materials.- 2.7 Transparent Low-Emittance Coatings.- 2.8 Fluorescent Concentrators.- 2.9 Spectral Splitting and Cold Mirror Films.- 2.10 Transparent Aerogel and Polymeric Transparent Insulation.- 2.11 Optical Switching Materials and Devices.- 2.12 Prismatic Light Guides.- 2.13 Holographic Films.- 2.14 Conclusions.- 2.15 Acknowledgements.- 2.16 References.- 3 A Solar Hydrogen Energy System.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Available Solar Energy.- 3.3 Direct Methods for Collecting Solar Energy.- 3.4 Indirect Solar Energy Collection.- 3.5 Splitting of Water.- 3.6 Transmission of Hydrogen.- 3.7 Storage of Hydrogen.- 3.8 Present Uses of Hydrogen.- 3.9 Proposed Uses of Hydrogen.- 3.10 Projected Economics of Hydrogen Production.- 3.11 References.- 4 Wind Technology Today.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Analytical Design Theory.- 4.3 Design Issues and Tradeoffs.- 4.4 Control Systems.- 4.5 Current Wind Turbines and Their Performance.- 4.6 Experimental and Research Wind Turbines.- 4.7 Performance of CurrentSystems.- 4.8 Design and Reliability Problems.- 4.9 Drive Train and Electrical Problems.- 4.10 Yaw Drive.- 4.11 Tower Failures.- 4.12 Wind Power Resources, Applications and Economics.- 4.13 Public Acceptance of Wind Power Development.- 4.14 Environmental Impact Issues.- 4.15 Current Research and Development Programs.- 4.16 Acknowledgements.- 4.17 References.- 5 Retrofit for Solar Heating and Cooling.- 5.1 Abstract.- 5.2 Introduction.- 5.3 Typical Retrofit Systems.- 5.4 The Housing Stock Suitable for Retrofit.- 5.5 The Potential for Saving Depletable Energy and Reducing Pollution.- 5.6 The Impact on Customers.- 5.7 The Technical Aspects.- 5.8 Economics of Retrofit.- 5.9 Financing Methods.- 5.10 Barriers and Incentives.- 5.11 Retrofit System Demonstrations and Performance Monitoring.- 5.12 Education and Technology Transfer.- 5.13 Research and Development Needs.- 5.14 Conclusions and Major Recommendations.- 5.15 Acknowledgements.- 5.16 References.- 6 Bioclimatic Design Research: The Basis of Environmental Architecture.- 6.1 Historic Overview: The development of an idea.- 6.2 Bioclimatic Analysis and Design Strategies.- 6.3 Examples of Bioclimatic Analysis and Design.- 6.4 The Whole Building and Site as a Bioclimatic System.- 6.5 Bioclimatic Design Principles of Environmental Architecture.- 6.6 References.
1 Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Unique Advantages of ?-Si Solar Cell.- 1.3 Structure and Electronic Density of States.- 1.4 Film Deposition and Valency Control of ?-Si and Its Alloys.- 1.5 Carrier Transport and Drift Type Photolovtaic Effect in ?-Si.- 1.6 Characterization of Material and Junction Properties.- 1.7 Key Technologies for Improving Efficiency.- 1.8 Heterojunction Solar Cell.- 1.9 ?-Si Basis Stacked Solar Cell.- 1.10 Staebler-Wronski effect.- 1.11 Light Induced Degradation of ?-Si Solar Cell.- 1.12 Aspect of Application Systems.- 1.13 Conclusion.- 1.14 References.- 2 Advances in Solar Optical Materials.- 2.1 Abstract.- 2.2 Introduction.- 2.3 Antireflection Films.- 2.4 Metallic Reflector Materials.- 2.5 Solar Selective Absorbers.- 2.6 Radiative Cooling Materials.- 2.7 Transparent Low-Emittance Coatings.- 2.8 Fluorescent Concentrators.- 2.9 Spectral Splitting and Cold Mirror Films.- 2.10 Transparent Aerogel and Polymeric Transparent Insulation.- 2.11 Optical Switching Materials and Devices.- 2.12 Prismatic Light Guides.- 2.13 Holographic Films.- 2.14 Conclusions.- 2.15 Acknowledgements.- 2.16 References.- 3 A Solar Hydrogen Energy System.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Available Solar Energy.- 3.3 Direct Methods for Collecting Solar Energy.- 3.4 Indirect Solar Energy Collection.- 3.5 Splitting of Water.- 3.6 Transmission of Hydrogen.- 3.7 Storage of Hydrogen.- 3.8 Present Uses of Hydrogen.- 3.9 Proposed Uses of Hydrogen.- 3.10 Projected Economics of Hydrogen Production.- 3.11 References.- 4 Wind Technology Today.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Analytical Design Theory.- 4.3 Design Issues and Tradeoffs.- 4.4 Control Systems.- 4.5 Current Wind Turbines and Their Performance.- 4.6 Experimental and Research Wind Turbines.- 4.7 Performance of CurrentSystems.- 4.8 Design and Reliability Problems.- 4.9 Drive Train and Electrical Problems.- 4.10 Yaw Drive.- 4.11 Tower Failures.- 4.12 Wind Power Resources, Applications and Economics.- 4.13 Public Acceptance of Wind Power Development.- 4.14 Environmental Impact Issues.- 4.15 Current Research and Development Programs.- 4.16 Acknowledgements.- 4.17 References.- 5 Retrofit for Solar Heating and Cooling.- 5.1 Abstract.- 5.2 Introduction.- 5.3 Typical Retrofit Systems.- 5.4 The Housing Stock Suitable for Retrofit.- 5.5 The Potential for Saving Depletable Energy and Reducing Pollution.- 5.6 The Impact on Customers.- 5.7 The Technical Aspects.- 5.8 Economics of Retrofit.- 5.9 Financing Methods.- 5.10 Barriers and Incentives.- 5.11 Retrofit System Demonstrations and Performance Monitoring.- 5.12 Education and Technology Transfer.- 5.13 Research and Development Needs.- 5.14 Conclusions and Major Recommendations.- 5.15 Acknowledgements.- 5.16 References.- 6 Bioclimatic Design Research: The Basis of Environmental Architecture.- 6.1 Historic Overview: The development of an idea.- 6.2 Bioclimatic Analysis and Design Strategies.- 6.3 Examples of Bioclimatic Analysis and Design.- 6.4 The Whole Building and Site as a Bioclimatic System.- 6.5 Bioclimatic Design Principles of Environmental Architecture.- 6.6 References.
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