For centuries, people around the globe have been
subject to unequal treatment and discrimination
because of their sex, race, skin color, ethnicity or
national origin. The second half of the twentieth
century, however, has seen an increase in efforts to
combat such inequalities via antidiscriminatory legal
action and public politics of inclusion. Brazil has
only recently joined the list of nations that have
implemented affirmative action policies. After a
period of military governance that ended in 1985,
efforts to acknowledge and combat racism and
inequality as part of the process of democratization
are still at an early stage. In the United States, by
contrast, African Americans have benefitted from the
achievements of the civil rights movement. However,
though the development of an African American middle
class is widely acknowledged, North American Blacks
remain disproportionately represented among the
economically and socially disadvantaged. This book
offers an insight on the history of affirmative
action in Brazil and in the United States and
compares the debates about policies of inclusion at
Brazilian and American universities and colleges.
subject to unequal treatment and discrimination
because of their sex, race, skin color, ethnicity or
national origin. The second half of the twentieth
century, however, has seen an increase in efforts to
combat such inequalities via antidiscriminatory legal
action and public politics of inclusion. Brazil has
only recently joined the list of nations that have
implemented affirmative action policies. After a
period of military governance that ended in 1985,
efforts to acknowledge and combat racism and
inequality as part of the process of democratization
are still at an early stage. In the United States, by
contrast, African Americans have benefitted from the
achievements of the civil rights movement. However,
though the development of an African American middle
class is widely acknowledged, North American Blacks
remain disproportionately represented among the
economically and socially disadvantaged. This book
offers an insight on the history of affirmative
action in Brazil and in the United States and
compares the debates about policies of inclusion at
Brazilian and American universities and colleges.