Originally published in 1966.
Long regarded as a classic, this volume argues that Afghani and ‘Abduh should be considered subverters rather than reformers of Islam. It addresses the spread of concealed unbelief and atheism in Muslim society towards the end of the nineteenth century, and shows how both Afghani and ‘Abduh, while making a show of their piety, really held esoteric beliefs quite incompatible with orthodox and traditional Islam.
Long regarded as a classic, this volume argues that Afghani and ‘Abduh should be considered subverters rather than reformers of Islam. It addresses the spread of concealed unbelief and atheism in Muslim society towards the end of the nineteenth century, and shows how both Afghani and ‘Abduh, while making a show of their piety, really held esoteric beliefs quite incompatible with orthodox and traditional Islam.