The book gives a comprehensive picture of the development history of the agricultural innovation system (AIS) in Vietnam’s Northern Mountainous Region during the last six decades. It provides a critical assessment of the dynamic development of the system in the context of turbulent political changes and diversification of natural, physical and socio-economic conditions in the region. Using a systemic approach, six sub-systems in the AIS – regional context, policy measures, innovations, innovation generation and transfer, diffusion networks & channels, adopters/farmers and adoption – are described qualitatively and analysed critically. The holistic analysis of sector development throughout the recent history of the AIS is presented in depth and perspectives for its further development and improvement are identified. The book offers a wealth of facts and insights to readers, especially to those working on innovation systems and rural development in Vietnam.