This comprehensive review examines the biological, medical, social, historical, and political aspects of HIV/AIDS. In AIDS, three Harvard-educated physicians explore the evolution of the HIV epidemic, contextualizing the disease from historical, social, and medical perspectives. Addressing the last 25 years, the book examines basic biological principles, including what a virus is, how the human immune system works, and how HIV impairs these functions. It presents an in-depth discussion of the HIV life cycle, explores central issues pertaining to diagnosis and treatment, and sheds light on how…mehr
This comprehensive review examines the biological, medical, social, historical, and political aspects of HIV/AIDS. In AIDS, three Harvard-educated physicians explore the evolution of the HIV epidemic, contextualizing the disease from historical, social, and medical perspectives. Addressing the last 25 years, the book examines basic biological principles, including what a virus is, how the human immune system works, and how HIV impairs these functions. It presents an in-depth discussion of the HIV life cycle, explores central issues pertaining to diagnosis and treatment, and sheds light on how the treatment was developed and implemented. The book also reviews global epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and principles of transmission, as well as what comprises an epidemic and the factors that determine whether an infectious outbreak will propagate or die out. Finally, it looks at where HIV came from; early reactions to the disease and the social stigma it engendered; the cultural impact of HIV-positive role models; and the global economic, population, and political effects of this illness.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Sigall K. Bell, MD, is an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA. She earned her medical degree from Harvard Medical School and a diploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene from the London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, England. Courtney L. McMickens, MD, MPH, is a resident physician in the department of psychiatry at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. She earned a medical degree from Harvard Medical School and a master's degree in public health from Harvard School of Public Health. Kevin J. Selby, MD, is a second-year resident physician in internal medicine at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, MA. He completed his medical doctorate at Harvard Medical School in 2009.
Inhaltsangabe
Series Foreword Preface Timeline Chapter 1 Historical Perspective: Where Did HIV Come From? First Cases Where Did HIV Come From? The Disease Spreads Spread of HIV in Africa Finding the Virus A Test for HIV Initial Social Reactions to HIV Summary Chapter 2 What Is HIV? What Is HIV? What Is a Virus? Case Studies: Different Types of Viruses The Common Cold The Chicken Pox (Varicella) Virus Ebola Virus The Structure of HIV Role of DNA and RNA in Reproduction Infection with HIV HIV Receptors Viral Life Cycle 1: Hacking into the Cell HIV Reverse Transcriptase: Accident Prone HIV cDNA Viral Life Cycle 2: Viral Production Active vs. Dormant States of HIV Active Replication Summary Chapter 3 An Introduction to the Human Immune System The Two Arms of the Immune System: Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity Innate Immune System Adaptive Immune System B and T Cells Autoimmune Disease Antibodies Cell-Mediated Immunity CD4 Helper Cells Cytotoxic T Cells Effect of HIV on the Immune System HIV's Effect on CD4 Cells Opportunistic Infections From HIV to AIDS Summary Chapter 4 HIV around the World (Global Epidemiology) What Is an Epidemic? Infection Models Measles HIV Basic Reproductive Rate of Infection Epidemiologic Principles: Putting It Together Summary Chapter 5 HIV Transmission How Is HIV Transmitted? At-Risk Groups HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Relative Risk of HIV Transmission during Different Stages of HIV Infection Pregnancy Case Studies China India Africa Prevention Education Behavioral Changes Screening Summary Chapter 6 How Does HIV Affect the Body? Acquisition of HIV and Early Events The Body's Immune Response to HIV The Acute Retroviral Syndrome: Symptoms and Signs of Early Infection Timeline from Infection to AIDS Symptoms of Advanced HIV Disease and AIDS Examples of Some Opportunistic Infections PCP MAI Toxoplasmosis Cryptococcus Cytomegalovirus Nonopportunistic Complications of HIV Coinfections HIV and Hepatitis HIV and Tuberculosis HIV and Syphilis Summary Chapter 7 Diagnosis and Treatment How Is HIV Diagnosed? Who Should Be Tested for HIV? Medications for HIV Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors Entry Inhibitors Integrase Inhibitors HIV Medication Combinations HIV Mutations and Resistance Medication Side Effects Early HIV Medication Reactions Long-Term Complications of HIV Medication Use Complications of HIV Disease Life Expectancy and Important Health Issues Vaccines Travel Pets Having a Family Summary Chapter 8 Cultural Impact of HIV Early Reactions to HIV Social Stigma The Ryan White Story Magic Johnson: The Icon of "Living Well" with HIV Global Health Effect Orphan Crisis Economic Effect Population Effect Barriers to Treatment Individual Barriers Structural Barriers Summary Chapter 9 Lessons Learned and Future Directions Successes Discovery Pathogenesis Diagnostic Testing Drug Development Better Medications Increased Survival Setbacks Case Identification Late Presentation Education and Prevention Global Treatment Programs Vaccine Development Summary Chapter 10 "My Story" Judy's Story John's Story Christopher's Story Chapter 11 What You Can Do Glossary Recommended Reading Index
Series Foreword Preface Timeline Chapter 1 Historical Perspective: Where Did HIV Come From? First Cases Where Did HIV Come From? The Disease Spreads Spread of HIV in Africa Finding the Virus A Test for HIV Initial Social Reactions to HIV Summary Chapter 2 What Is HIV? What Is HIV? What Is a Virus? Case Studies: Different Types of Viruses The Common Cold The Chicken Pox (Varicella) Virus Ebola Virus The Structure of HIV Role of DNA and RNA in Reproduction Infection with HIV HIV Receptors Viral Life Cycle 1: Hacking into the Cell HIV Reverse Transcriptase: Accident Prone HIV cDNA Viral Life Cycle 2: Viral Production Active vs. Dormant States of HIV Active Replication Summary Chapter 3 An Introduction to the Human Immune System The Two Arms of the Immune System: Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity Innate Immune System Adaptive Immune System B and T Cells Autoimmune Disease Antibodies Cell-Mediated Immunity CD4 Helper Cells Cytotoxic T Cells Effect of HIV on the Immune System HIV's Effect on CD4 Cells Opportunistic Infections From HIV to AIDS Summary Chapter 4 HIV around the World (Global Epidemiology) What Is an Epidemic? Infection Models Measles HIV Basic Reproductive Rate of Infection Epidemiologic Principles: Putting It Together Summary Chapter 5 HIV Transmission How Is HIV Transmitted? At-Risk Groups HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Relative Risk of HIV Transmission during Different Stages of HIV Infection Pregnancy Case Studies China India Africa Prevention Education Behavioral Changes Screening Summary Chapter 6 How Does HIV Affect the Body? Acquisition of HIV and Early Events The Body's Immune Response to HIV The Acute Retroviral Syndrome: Symptoms and Signs of Early Infection Timeline from Infection to AIDS Symptoms of Advanced HIV Disease and AIDS Examples of Some Opportunistic Infections PCP MAI Toxoplasmosis Cryptococcus Cytomegalovirus Nonopportunistic Complications of HIV Coinfections HIV and Hepatitis HIV and Tuberculosis HIV and Syphilis Summary Chapter 7 Diagnosis and Treatment How Is HIV Diagnosed? Who Should Be Tested for HIV? Medications for HIV Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors Entry Inhibitors Integrase Inhibitors HIV Medication Combinations HIV Mutations and Resistance Medication Side Effects Early HIV Medication Reactions Long-Term Complications of HIV Medication Use Complications of HIV Disease Life Expectancy and Important Health Issues Vaccines Travel Pets Having a Family Summary Chapter 8 Cultural Impact of HIV Early Reactions to HIV Social Stigma The Ryan White Story Magic Johnson: The Icon of "Living Well" with HIV Global Health Effect Orphan Crisis Economic Effect Population Effect Barriers to Treatment Individual Barriers Structural Barriers Summary Chapter 9 Lessons Learned and Future Directions Successes Discovery Pathogenesis Diagnostic Testing Drug Development Better Medications Increased Survival Setbacks Case Identification Late Presentation Education and Prevention Global Treatment Programs Vaccine Development Summary Chapter 10 "My Story" Judy's Story John's Story Christopher's Story Chapter 11 What You Can Do Glossary Recommended Reading Index
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