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Al-Mustarshid was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 1118 to 1135. Son of the preceding Caliph, he achieved more independence as a ruler while the Seljuks were engaged in war in the East. The Seljuks had left Baghdad much to itself. Risings in Iraq at this time were common.One of the risings was led by the famous but unscrupulous general Dubays. After plundering Basra, he joined the Crusaders in their attempt upon Aleppo, and afterward incited a young brother of the Sultan to rebel and make a dash upon the capital; but the Caliph with 12,000 men, anticipating their movements, defended the city.During this time Zangi, the famous foe of the Crusaders, grew into great power; he was made shihna of Iraq by the Seljuk Sultan Mahmud II, including Mosul, Nasibin, and Harran. He carried his army into Syria with the view of reducing the Crusaders and nearly took Damascus and Emesa. His powerful name caused great joy in Baghdad, where the people said that at last the Crusaders had found menworthy to meet them in the field. Towards the end of al-Mustarshid's life, however, Zangi fell into difficulty owing to the hostility of the Kurds and the Caliph.