There is considerable epidemiologic evidence that drinking alcoholic beverages is associated with an increased risk for certain cancers (i.e. cancers of the upper-aero digestive tract) though the evidence of an increased risk for colorectal and breast cancer is controversial. For other cancers (e.g. kidney, bladder, lung, ovarian) the evidence remains inconclusive. Considering the high prevalence of many of these cancers in Scotland, even a small increase in cancer risk is of great importance, therefore from a public health perspective it is important that the evidence linking alcohol to an increased risk of cancer is continuously evaluated. Questions still remain, however, concerning the robustness and consistency of the alcohol information collected across studies. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of drinking levels, drinking patterns, and definitions of standard drinks internationally make it problematic to generalise the findings of these studies.
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