"Prevalence of anal cytological alterations in patients with abnormal cervical cytology" is the original title of the doctoral research presented at the Postgraduate Programme of the Centre for Disease Control, State Department of Health in São Paulo, SP, Brazil by the author. The research aimed to show the prevalence of anal contamination by HPV in patients with cervical contamination and the importance and feasibility of anal cancer screening being included in the cervical cancer screening programme.