Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The American Ethnological Society is the oldest professional anthropological association in the United States. Albert Gallatin and John Russell Bartlett founded the American Ethnological Society in New York City in 1842. Their goal was to promote research in ethnology and all inquiries involving humans. The early meetings of the AES took place in the homes of the members, where they discussed all aspects of human life, from history and geography to philology and anthropology. The AES was a scholarly institution, in which papers were presented that were later published. In the late 19th century, the AES's focus changed from the evolutionary concerns of ethnology to the academic discipline of anthropology. The AES remained small, due to financial difficulties until the 1920s. In 1916, the AES became the American Ethnological Society, Inc. During this time,it also became associated with Columbia University and linked to the American Anthropological Association. In the 1930s, The AES and AAA jointly published the American Anthropologist, which concerned itself with all four fields of anthropology.