Like in the past, currently amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) remains a challenge and enigma in obstetrics. It is a leading cause of death among mothers (the third major cause after hemorrhages and infections, but before preeclampsia). The author of this book took up major challenges: (i) explained the phenomenon of the pathogenic power of amniotic fluid, indicating erroneous interpretations of the pathomechanism of AFE described by earlier researchers; (ii) created a novel concept (theory) of AFE, basing on the existing concepts and new research findings; (iii) proposed modern classification of AFE cases; (4i) discussed advances in the treatment of AFE; (5i) analyzed indications and limitations/contraindications for the use of anticoagulants, especially heparin in AFE.