The mining sector in Sierra Leone has experienced a major resurgence over the past one and half decades. Sierra Leone is a nation on the west coast of Africa, richly endowed with a variety of solid minerals. Although the mining sector is the biggest foreign earner of the country and development of the mining sector provides jobs and contributes to economic growth, the development may be distorted if not properly planned. This book focuses on analysing the impact of mining on Sierra Leone's sustainable economic development. The improvement of institutions quality can significantly reduce the negative impact of natural resource abundance on the economic growth. The study provides some useful suggestions for the mining sector and the economic development in Sierra Leone.