This appraisal links theoretical perspective to petroleum products pricing policy objectives in Nigeria. This is necessary to provide the premise for our argument and see whether this present pricing is justifiable from the theoretical perspective. It reviews basic historical development of Nigeria petroleum products prices and examines the problem of downstream sector. The in-depth analysis of downstream sector is necessary to see the influence of refineries situation on supply situation which also has an effect on importation and pricing. This involves cross-country comparisons of pricing structures for petroleum products, especially among neighboring countries and other oil exporting countries.