This book gives a detailed insight into the various endodontic root end filling materials. The root-end filling materials should provide a hermetic seal, should be non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, biocompatible and dimensionally stable. The endodontic surgeon should consider using materials, which have been biologically and clinically evaluated and which give evidence of long term success. The introduction of ultrasonic tips and micro surgical instruments helps the operator to place the retrograde filling materials with much desired accuracy and precision.