to the Third Edition Following the success of the first two editions of this book in which the core subject matter has been retained, we have taken the opportunity to add substantial new material, including an additional chapter on that most important activity of the chemical industry, research and development. Topical items such as quality, safety and environmental issues also receive enhanced coverage. The team of authors for this edition comprises both those revising and updating their chapters and some new ones. The latter's different approach to the subject matter is reflected in the new…mehr
to the Third Edition Following the success of the first two editions of this book in which the core subject matter has been retained, we have taken the opportunity to add substantial new material, including an additional chapter on that most important activity of the chemical industry, research and development. Topical items such as quality, safety and environmental issues also receive enhanced coverage. The team of authors for this edition comprises both those revising and updating their chapters and some new ones. The latter's different approach to the subject matter is reflected in the new titles: Organisational Structures - A Story of Evolution (chapter 5) and Environmental Impact of the Chemical Industry (chapter 9). The chapter on Energy retains its original title but different approach of the new authors is evident. We have updated statistics and tables wherever possible and expanded the index. We hope readers find the brief 'pen pictures' of authors to be interesting. It is worth stressing again that this book is designed to be used with its companion volume - The Chemical Industry, 2nd Edition, ed. Alan Heaton (referred to as Volume 2) - for a complete introduction to the chemical industry. Thanks are due to all contributors and to my wife Joy for typing my contributions.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Editorial introduction.- The importance of industrial chemistry.- Statistics.- Units and nomenclature.- General bibliography.- References.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Characteristics of the industry.- 1.2 Scale of operations.- 1.3 Major chemical producing countries.- 1.4 Major sectors and their products.- 1.5 Turning chemicals into useful end products.- 1.6 Environmental issues.- 1.7 Quality and safety.- 2 Sources of chemicals.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Sources of organic chemicals.- 2.3 Sources of inorganic chemicals.- 2.4 Recycling of materials.- References.- 3 Research and development.- 3.1 General introduction.- 3.2 Research and development activities.- 3.3 The importance of research and development.- 3.4 Differences between academic and industrial research.- 3.5 Research and development case studies.- 3.6 Conclusions.- 4 The world's major chemical industries.- 4.1 History and development of the chemical industry.- 4.2 The chemical industry today.- 4.3 The United Kingdom chemical industry.- 4.4 The U.S. chemical industry.- 4.5 Other chemical industries.- 4.6 World's major chemical companies.- 4.7 General characteristics and future of the chemical industry.- References.- 5 Organizational structures: A story of evolution.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 The chemical industry in the 1990s.- 5.3 Why change organizational structures?.- 5.4 Pre-structure decisions.- 5.5 Which type of structure?.- 5.6 Joint ventures and strategic alliances.- 5.7 Summary.- References.- 6 Technological economics.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Cost of producing a chemical.- 6.3 Variable costs.- 6.4 Fixed costs.- 6.5 Direct, indirect and capital related costs.- 6.6 Profit.- 6.7 Effects of scale operation.- 6.8 Effect of low rate operation.- 6.9 Diminishing return.- 6.10 Absorption costing and marginality.- 6.11 Measuring profitability.- 6.12 Time value of money.- 6.13 Project evaluation.- 6.14 Conclusion.- Appendix (D.C.F. calculations).- References.- 7 Chemical engineering.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Material balances.- 7.3 Energy balances.- 7.4 Fluid flow.- 7.5 Heat transfer.- 7.6 Separation processes.- 7.7 Process control.- References.- 8 Energy.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Types of energy.- 8.3 Use of energy in the chemical industry.- 8.4 Efficient utilization of energy.- 8.5 Conclusions.- References.- 9 Environmental impact of the chemical industry.- 9.1 The environment and human interactions.- 9.2 Sources of pollution.- 9.3 Options for the control and treatment of pollution and wastes from industrial sites.- 9.4 Health and safety at work and hazards of the chemical industry.- 9.5 Conclusions - legislative controls affecting the environmental impact of the chemical industry.- References.- 10 Chlor-alkali products.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Uses of chlorine.- 10.3 Uses of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide).- 10.4 Uses of hydrogen.- 10.5 Types of cell.- 10.6 Future developments.- 11 Catalysts and catalysis.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Definitions and constraints.- 11.3 Thermodynamic relationships.- 11.4 Homogeneous catalysis.- 11.5 Heterogenization of homogeneous catalytic systems.- 11.6 Heterogeneous catalysis.- 11.7 Applications and mechanisms.- 11.8 The future.- References.- 12 Petrochemicals.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Crude oil, gas and refinery operations.- 12.3 Lower olefins (alkenes) and acetylene (ethyne).- 12.4 Synthesis gas, ammonia and methanol.- 12.5 Acetic (ethanoic) acid and anhydride.- 12.6 C1 products.- 12.7 C2 products.- 12.8 C3 products.- 12.9 C4 products.- 12.10 C5 aliphatics.- 12.11 Aromatics.- 12.12 Nylon intermediates.- 12.13 The future.- References.- Periodical special issues and supplement.
Editorial introduction.- The importance of industrial chemistry.- Statistics.- Units and nomenclature.- General bibliography.- References.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Characteristics of the industry.- 1.2 Scale of operations.- 1.3 Major chemical producing countries.- 1.4 Major sectors and their products.- 1.5 Turning chemicals into useful end products.- 1.6 Environmental issues.- 1.7 Quality and safety.- 2 Sources of chemicals.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Sources of organic chemicals.- 2.3 Sources of inorganic chemicals.- 2.4 Recycling of materials.- References.- 3 Research and development.- 3.1 General introduction.- 3.2 Research and development activities.- 3.3 The importance of research and development.- 3.4 Differences between academic and industrial research.- 3.5 Research and development case studies.- 3.6 Conclusions.- 4 The world's major chemical industries.- 4.1 History and development of the chemical industry.- 4.2 The chemical industry today.- 4.3 The United Kingdom chemical industry.- 4.4 The U.S. chemical industry.- 4.5 Other chemical industries.- 4.6 World's major chemical companies.- 4.7 General characteristics and future of the chemical industry.- References.- 5 Organizational structures: A story of evolution.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 The chemical industry in the 1990s.- 5.3 Why change organizational structures?.- 5.4 Pre-structure decisions.- 5.5 Which type of structure?.- 5.6 Joint ventures and strategic alliances.- 5.7 Summary.- References.- 6 Technological economics.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Cost of producing a chemical.- 6.3 Variable costs.- 6.4 Fixed costs.- 6.5 Direct, indirect and capital related costs.- 6.6 Profit.- 6.7 Effects of scale operation.- 6.8 Effect of low rate operation.- 6.9 Diminishing return.- 6.10 Absorption costing and marginality.- 6.11 Measuring profitability.- 6.12 Time value of money.- 6.13 Project evaluation.- 6.14 Conclusion.- Appendix (D.C.F. calculations).- References.- 7 Chemical engineering.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Material balances.- 7.3 Energy balances.- 7.4 Fluid flow.- 7.5 Heat transfer.- 7.6 Separation processes.- 7.7 Process control.- References.- 8 Energy.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Types of energy.- 8.3 Use of energy in the chemical industry.- 8.4 Efficient utilization of energy.- 8.5 Conclusions.- References.- 9 Environmental impact of the chemical industry.- 9.1 The environment and human interactions.- 9.2 Sources of pollution.- 9.3 Options for the control and treatment of pollution and wastes from industrial sites.- 9.4 Health and safety at work and hazards of the chemical industry.- 9.5 Conclusions - legislative controls affecting the environmental impact of the chemical industry.- References.- 10 Chlor-alkali products.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Uses of chlorine.- 10.3 Uses of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide).- 10.4 Uses of hydrogen.- 10.5 Types of cell.- 10.6 Future developments.- 11 Catalysts and catalysis.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Definitions and constraints.- 11.3 Thermodynamic relationships.- 11.4 Homogeneous catalysis.- 11.5 Heterogenization of homogeneous catalytic systems.- 11.6 Heterogeneous catalysis.- 11.7 Applications and mechanisms.- 11.8 The future.- References.- 12 Petrochemicals.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Crude oil, gas and refinery operations.- 12.3 Lower olefins (alkenes) and acetylene (ethyne).- 12.4 Synthesis gas, ammonia and methanol.- 12.5 Acetic (ethanoic) acid and anhydride.- 12.6 C1 products.- 12.7 C2 products.- 12.8 C3 products.- 12.9 C4 products.- 12.10 C5 aliphatics.- 12.11 Aromatics.- 12.12 Nylon intermediates.- 12.13 The future.- References.- Periodical special issues and supplement.
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`...the best student text on industrial chemistry available today.' Industrial Chemistry
`...the best student text on industrial chemistry available today.' Industrial Chemistry
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