This book provides an introduction to the basic theory and techniques of signal detection and estimation. It provides essential background for engineers and scientists working in a number of fields, including communications, control, signal and image processing, radar and sonar, radio astronomy, seismology, remote sensing, and instrumentation. The treatment can be used as a textbook in several instructional modes, including as a single course; a two-tiered combination of an introductory course and an advanced course; or as two separate courses, one in signal detection, the other in estimation.