The aim of this book is to familiarize the readers with the complexity of translation studies, a discipline that has been evolving in a spectacular way; the intended target audience is that of the students and practitioners of translation of all ranks. The discipline under scrutiny has moved away from a purely linguistic perspective regarding the methodology of translation towards incorporating non-linguistic disciplines such as semiotics not only to supplement existing theories, but also to provide for them a very solid scientific foundation and to demonstrate that translation itself is a semiotic process. Translation is communication and it is even an unavoidable act of every cognitive process and we endeavour to implement the hexadic model of communication to translation studies. Major issues are dealt with such as equivalence and transtalability. Substantial attention is given to the complexity of the problems a translator encounters when he/she translates poetry, drama, or specialized literature.