In this book we present our published articles for utilizing the agricultural wastes, especially rice straw, and sugar-cane bagasse as lignocellulosic materials in production of artificial wood of hardboard type. To optimize the preparation conditions for production high quality hardboards different approaches were evaluated during board preparation or as post treatment. Moreover, the role of neutral sulfite pulping in preparation of formaldehyde-free bagasse composites to satisfy the environmental regulations is also investigated.