The environmental problem plays a significant role in discussions about the direction of the economy and public policy. Arises thus the need to seek a knowledge capable of capturing multi-causalities and relations of interdependence in the natural social (environmental) order (production) and processes that determine and delineate technical, economic indicators (competitiveness). The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the technical and socio-environmental indicators and their influence on the formation of competitive advantage in the value chain of aquaculture ventures Capitolio / MG. Two economics approaches on business strategies guided the study evidence of a competitive advantage. The first placement as an attribute indoor and outdoor performance of organizations and the second recognizing the collective capabilities and value chain dynamics and interrelated for the insertion and market recognition. The methods used in this research integrate biophysical, political, cultural and economic dimensions, with a multidisciplinary view of the indicators in the value chain and determining how they can generate competitiveness and take better advantage.