Modern trends in increasing the requirements for the quality of engineering products with a decrease in their metal consumption entail an increasingly widespread use of low-rigidity parts and, in particular, parts such as shafts (rods, axles, lead screws, boring bars, etc.). Obtaining the latter is associated with great technological difficulties due to the need to combat elastic and residual deformations in the manufacturing process. This monograph analyzes methods for increasing the flexural rigidity of long shafts, their scope, technological features of manufacturing long shafts, and also considers a method for increasing the flexural rigidity of long shafts by surface plastic deformation.