African countries are facing accelerated urbanisation, which brings with it a number of challenges, including mobility and transport. Transport plays an important role in the economy, but is often poorly organised and suffers from a number of problems, including a lack of infrastructure, outdated vehicles and inherent pollution. This book focuses on the case of Senegal, a West African country with a surface area of around 200,000 km² and an estimated population of 15 million. The transport sector is described, and trends in energy consumption are presented. The authors propose performance criteria based on the laws of thermodynamics.