The present work entitled "Analysis of the effects of soil degradation in Burundi: the case of Bujumbura Province" was undertaken with the aim of diagnosing the driving factors of soil degradation in Burundi, and more particularly in Bujumbura Province. The results of our analyses show that the soils of the said province are subject to rainfall erosion degradation. This erosion is intensified by the topography of the natural region of Mirwa where Bujumbura province is located. The slope; the nature of the soil; the climate; the management of rainwater and inadequate cultivation practices are the factors influencing soil degradation in Bujumbura province. This research was conducted to contribute to finding sustainable solutions to stop the loss of arable soils, which are essential for farmers. It is of interest to anyone with a sustainable development mindset who lives in or is a friend of Burundi, but also to anyone living in a region with a similar relief to Burundi and who wants to find answers to protect their soil.