Groundwater is an important water resource for drinking, agriculture and industrial uses in India. The demand of water for industries and agriculture sector in India is continuously growing to meet the demands of 1.2 billion people. Increasing population and rapid urbanization has lead to several environmental problems including groundwater pollution. The accumulation of trace metals in groundwater has consequences to both man and the ecosystem. The book deals with the assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of trace metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba and Pb) in groundwater via ingestion and dermal absorption pathways for children and adults in Northern Rajasthan, India. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) has been used for the analysis of trace metals in groundwater. The water samples have also been analyzed for their physico-chemical parameters.