Analytical Characterization Methods for Crude Oil and Related Products

Herausgegeben:Shukla, Ashutosh K.

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Basic theory, applications, and recent trends in analytical techniques used in crude oil and related products analysis

This book covers the application of different spectroscopic methods to characterize crude oil and related products. Its topics are presented in a pedagogical manner so that those new to the subject can better understand the content. The book begins by familiarizing the reader with the rheological characterization of crude oil and related products. Subsequent chapters are directed towards the current trends of different spectroscopic methods for the characterization of crude oil.

Analytical Characterization Methods for Crude Oil and Related Products features chapters on: optical interrogation of petroleum asphaltenes (myths and reality); ESR characterization of organic free radicals in petroleum products; high-field, pulsed, and double resonance studies of crude oils and their derivatives; NMR spectroscopy in bitumen characterization; applications of Raman spectroscopy in crude oil and bitumen characterization; and more.
_ Uses a bottom-up approach--starting from the basic theory of the technique followed by its applications and recent trends in crude oil analysis
_ Includes informative content so as to take a technician to the level of using a particular analytical method
_ Covers relevany information so as to enable a manager in the industry to make purchasing decisions

Analytical Characterization Methods for Crude Oil and Related Products is aimed at researchers in academia as well as technicians and developers of new analytical methods in the oil industry and related areas. It will also be of interest to professionals, scientists, and graduate students in analytical sciences dealing with oil and environmental analysis.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley / Wiley & Sons
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 1W119286310
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 296
• Erscheinungstermin: 9. Januar 2018
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 231mm x 157mm x 23mm
• Gewicht: 431g
• ISBN-13: 9781119286318
• ISBN-10: 111928631X
• Artikelnr.: 48582474

Autorenporträt

Ashutosh K. Shukla, PhD, is Associate Professor of Physics at Ewing Christian College, Allahabad, India. He is a Member of the International EPR Society (IES), Web member of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance (ISMAR), and matching member of the American Physical Society (APS).

Inhaltsangabe

List of Contributors xiii

Preface xvii

1 Rheological Characterization of Crude Oil and Related Products 1
Flávio H. Marchesini

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Sample Preparation for Rheological Characterization 2

1.2.1 Ensuring the Chemical Stability 2

1.2.2 Choosing the Rheometer Geometry 3

1.2.3 Erasing theThermal Memory 4

1.2.4 Performing the Cooling Process 4

1.3 Rheological Tests 5

1.4 Potential Sources of Errors 9

References 10

2 Optical Interrogation of Petroleum Asphaltenes: Myths and Reality 13
Igor N. Evdokimov

2.1 Introduction 13

2.1.1 What are Asphaltenes? 13

2.1.2 The Reasons for Intensive Asphaltene Research 14

2.1.3 No Controversy about the Elemental Composition of Asphaltenes 15

2.1.4 Continuing Debates on the Size and the Structure of Asphaltene Molecules and Aggregates 15

2.1.5 Conflicting Paradigms based on Similar Analytical Techniques: Apparent Significance of "Human Factors" 18

2.2 Mythical "Characteristic Signatures" of Asphaltenes in Optical AnalyticalMethods 19

2.2.1 Nonexistent "Resonance UV Absorption" of Asphaltenes 19

2.2.2 Mythical "CharacteristicMonomer Peaks" in Fluorescence Emission Studies 23

2.3 Misconceptions about the Properties of UV/Vis Absorption Spectra of Asphaltenes 29

2.3.1 The Myth about the Absence of Asphaltene Aggregation Effects in Optical Absorption Studies 30

2.3.2 The Myth about the "Urbach Tail" in Optical Absorption Spectra of Asphaltenes and Crude Oils 34

2.3.2.1 Tauc Range 35

2.3.2.2 Urbach Range 35

2.3.2.3 Low Absorption (Defects) Range 35

2.3.3 In the UV/Vis Spectral Range Asphaltenes Apparently Act not as Absorbers, but as Scatterers 38

2.4 Current State of Knowledge about Asphaltene Monomers and Primary Asphaltene Aggregates 42

2.4.1 Some Requirements for Preparation of Dilute Asphaltene Solutions 44

2.4.2 Multiple States/Phases of Primary Asphaltene Aggregates Revealed by Optical Absorption Measurements 46

2.4.3 Multiple States/Phases of Primary Asphaltene Aggregates Revealed by Refractive Index Measurements 47

2.4.3.1 Mean Refractive Index at Concentrations below CNAC 50

2.4.3.2 Standard Deviation of Refractive Index at Concentrations below CNAC 50

2.4.4 Conditions for Observation of Asphaltene Monomers and Evolution of Primary Asphaltene Aggregates Revealed by Fluorescence Measurements 53

2.4.4.1 Studies of Steady-State Fluorescence Emission 53

2.4.4.2 Studies of Time-Resolved Fluorescence Emission 55

2.4.5 Evolution of Primary Asphaltene Aggregates Revealed by Mass Spectrometry 56

2.4.6 "Optical Interrogation" Reveals that Primary Asphaltene Aggregates are Porous and Entrap/Occlude Molecules of Metalloporphyrins and other Compounds 58

2.4.7 Apparent Absence of "Consecutive Aggregation" in Asphaltene Experiments: Revised Description of the Observed Non-monotonic Concentration Effects in Dilute Asphaltene Solutions 62

References 65

3 ESR Characterization of Organic Free Radicals in Crude Oil and By-Products 77
Marilene Turini Piccinato, Carmen Luisa Barbosa Guedes and Eduardo Di Mauro

3.1 Introduction 77

3.2 Organic-Free Radicals in Crude Oil 77

3.3 ESR of Crude Oil 78

3.4 By-Product Oil by ESR 85

3.5 ESR and Calculations on the Electronic Structure of Free Radicals in Oil By-Products 93

References 96

4 High-Field, Pulsed, and Double Resonance Studies of Crude Oils and their Derivatives 101
Marat Gafurov,M. Volodin, T. Biktagirov, G. Mami