Mark Goltz, Junqi Huang

Analytical Modeling of Solute Transport in Groundwater

Using Models to Understand the Effect of Natural Processes on Contaminant Fate and Transport

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

A strong teaching tool, this book goes well beyond previous endeavors in its ability to not only teach the models used in hydrogeology, but apply and understand their impacts. It includes a compendium of one, two, and three dimensional analytical solutions to illustrate how different processes can impact the movement and ultimate fate of a subsurface contaminant. Collecting the many loose solutions in one volume, this book offers students a practical resource accompanied by a CD that aids in simulating the impact of processes and parameter values on transport behavior.

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Emphasizes use of models to understand the impact of subsurface processes on contaminant transport Groundwater is a critical resource that is relied upon by hundreds of millions of people globally. Contamination is an important problem that threatens people's access to sources of safe, clean, and plentiful groundwater in both developed and developing countries alike. To address this problem, an understanding of how contaminants in the subsurface behave is crucial, as a result of the physical, chemical, and biological processes that affect their movement. To gain this understanding, mathematical models are applied to simulate the fate and transport of groundwater contaminants. Modeling is an excellent way to gain an understanding of how nature behaves. In particular, analytical models are great teaching tools, allowing students to visualize under greatly simplified conditions how the presence, absence, or change of a natural process may affect behavior. Analytical Modeling of Solute Transport in Groundwater: Using Models to Understand the Effect of Natural Processes on Contaminant Fate and Transport provides a strong teaching tool, going well beyond previous endeavors by not only presenting the models used to describe groundwater contaminant behavior but also systematically applying the models to clearly demonstrate to the reader how naturally occurring physical, chemical, and biological processes affect the fate and transport of contaminants in the subsurface. Analytical Modeling of Solute Transport in Groundwater includes: * A companion website with a downloadable modeling tool that is integrated with the text, allowing the reader to conduct simulations in order to graphically demonstrate the impact of processes on groundwater contaminant behavior * A compendium of analytical solutions along with examples of how these solutions are derived from the governing model equations * Example illustrations showing the effect of process parameter values on remediation efficacy, as well as how simple analytical models can be used to interpret the results of field observations Researchers, students, and professionals in environmental engineering and hydrogeology studying the fate, transport, and remediation of contaminants in the subsurface will find the collected material useful in their studies.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons / Wiley
• Seitenzahl: 272
• Erscheinungstermin: 3. Mai 2011
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 236mm x 155mm x 23mm
• Gewicht: 590g
• ISBN-13: 9780470242346
• ISBN-10: 0470242345
• Artikelnr.: 30589823

Autorenporträt

Mark Goltz is a well-known authority in the field of hydrogeology and subsurface contaminant transport and remediation. He is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Engineering and Environmental Management at the Air Force Institute of Technology, where he conducted research into the fate and transport of groundwater contaminants and contaminated groundwater remediation technologies. He has published numerous works in these areas. Junqi Huang is a hydrologist in the Ground Water and Ecosystems Restoration Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US EPA. He is an experienced hydrogeological modeler, with expertise developing models for groundwater flow and transport, groundwater management, and contaminated groundwater remediation strategies.

Inhaltsangabe

List of Symbols xi
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
About the Companion Website xix
1 Modeling 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Definitions 3
1.3 A Simple Model - Darcy's Law and Flow Modeling 3
1.3.1 Darcy's Law 3
1.3.2 Flow Equation 5
1.3.3 Example Application of Darcy's Law and the Flow Equation 8
1.3.4 Note of Caution - Know Model Assumptions and Applicable Conditions 9
1.3.5 Superposition (For a Fuller Discussion of Superposition Applied to
Groundwater Flow, See Reilly et al., 1984) 13
1.3.6 Example Application of the Principle of Superposition 13
References 16
2 Contaminant Transport Modeling 19
2.1 Introduction 19
2.2 Fate and Transport Processes 19
2.2.1 Advection 19
2.2.2 Dispersion 20
2.2.3 Sorption 22
2.2.4 Chemical and Biological Reactions 24
2.3 Advective-Dispersive-Reactive (ADR) Transport Equation 25
2.3.1 Reaction Submodel 27
2.3.2 Sorption Submodel 28
2.3.2.1 Linear Equilibrium 28
2.3.2.2 Rate-Limited Sorption 28
2.4 Model Initial and Boundary Conditions 29
2.4.1 Initial Conditions 30
2.4.2 Boundary Conditions 31
2.5 Nondimensionalization 32
References 35
3 Analytical Solutions to 1-D Equations 37
3.1 Solving the ADR Equation with Initial/Boundary Conditions 37
3.2 Using Superposition to Derive Additional Solutions 38
3.3 Solutions 40
3.3.1 AnaModelTool Software 40
3.3.2 Virtual Experimental System 41
3.4 Effect of Advection 41
3.5 Effect of Dispersion 43
3.6 Effect of Sorption 48
3.6.1 Linear, Equilibrium Sorption 48
3.6.2 Rate-Limited Sorption 51
3.6.2.1 First-Order Kinetics 51
3.6.2.2 Diffusion-Limited 57
3.7 Effect of First-Order Degradation 60
3.8 Effect of Boundary Conditions 64
3.8.1 Effect of Boundary Conditions on Breakthrough Curves 64
3.8.2 Volume-Averaged Resident Concentration Versus Flux-Averaged
Concentration 66
References 68
4 Analytical Solutions to 3-D Equations 71
4.1 Solving the ADR Equation with Initial/Boundary Conditions 71
4.2 Using Superposition to Derive Additional Solutions 72
4.3 Virtual Experimental System 72
4.4 Effect of Dispersion 73
4.5 Effect of Sorption 78
4.5.1 Linear, Equilibrium Sorption 78
4.5.2 Rate-Limited Sorption 80
4.6 Effect of First-Order Degradation 83
5 Method of Moments 87
5.1 Temporal Moments 87
5.1.1 Definition 87
5.1.2 Evaluating Temporal Moments 88
5.1.3 Temporal Moment Behavior 88
5.1.3.1 Advective-Dispersive Transport with First-Order Degradation and
Linear Equilibrium Sorption 88
5.1.3.2 Advective-Dispersive Transport with First-Order Degradation and
Rate-Limited Sorption 97
5.2 SpatialMoments 102
5.2.1 Definition 102
5.2.2 Evaluating Spatial Moments 103
5.2.3 Spatial Moment Behavior 104
5.2.3.1 Advective-Dispersive Transport with First-Order Degradation and
Linear Equilibrium Sorption 104
5.2.3.2 Advective-Dispersive Transport with First-Order Degradation and
Rate-Limited Sorption 105
References 120
6 Application of Analytical Models to Gain Insight into Transport Behavior
121
6.1 Contaminant Remediation 121
6.2 Borden Field Experiment 124
References 127
A Solution to One-Dimensional ADR Equation with First-Order Degradation
Kinetics Using Laplace Transforms 129
Reference 132
B Solution to One-Dimensional ADR Equation with Zeroth-Order Degradation
Kinetics Using Laplace Transforms 133
Reference 135
C Solutions to the One-Dimensional ADR in Literature 137
References 140
D User Instructions for AnaModelTool Software 141
E Useful Laplace Transforms 145
E.1 Laplace Transforms from van Genuchten and Alves (1982) 145
Reference 148
F Solution to Three-Dimensional ADR Equation with First-Order Degradation
Kinetics for an Instantaneous Point Source Using Laplace and Fourier
Transforms 149
References 151
G Solution to Three-Dimensional ADR Equation with Zeroth-Order Degradation
Kinetics for an Instantaneous Point Source Using Laplace and Fourier
Transforms 153
References 155
H Solutions to the Three-Dimensional ADR in Literature 157
References 160
I Derivation of the Long-Time First-Order Rate Constant to Model Decrease
in Concentrations at a Monitoring Well Due to Advection, Dispersion,
Equilibrium Sorption, and First-Order Degradation (Three-Dimensional
Infinite System with an Instantaneous Point Source) 161
J Application of Aris' Method of Moments to Calculate Temporal Moments 163
K Application of Modified Aris' Method of Moments to Calculate Spatial
Moments Assuming Equilibrium Sorption 165
L Application of Modified Aris' Method of Moments to Calculate Spatial
Moments Assuming Rate-Limited Sorption 167
L.1 Zeroth Spatial Moment 168
L.2 First Spatial Moment 168
L.3 Second Spatial Moment 168
M Derivation of Laplace Domain Solutions to a Model Describing Radial
Advective/Dispersive/Sorptive Transport to an Extraction Well 171
References 173
N AnaModelTool Governing Equations, Initial and Boundary Conditions, and
Source Code 175
N.1 Model 101 175
N.2 Model 102 176
N.3 Model 103 178
N.4 Model 104 179
N.5 Model 104M 180
N.6 Model 105 182
N.7 Model 106 184
N.8 Model 107 185
N.9 Model 108 187
N.10 Model 109 189
N.11 Model 201 191
N.12 Model 202 193
N.13 Model 203 195
N.14 Model 204 197
N.15 Model 205 200
N.16 Model 206 201
N.17 Model 207 203
N.18 Model 208 206
N.19 Model 301 207
N.20 Model 302 210
N.21 Model 303 212
N.22 Model 304 215
N.23 Model 305 217
N.24 Model 306 220
N.25 Model 401 222
N.26 Model 402 223
N.27 Model 403 225
N.28 Model 404 227
N.29 Model 405 229
N.30 Model 406 232
Index 235