The family Zingiberaceae is considered taxonomically as one of the most difficult families of monocotyledons. The identification and species delimitation are often difficult because of close resemblance of the vegetative characters, short flowering period associated with rainy season and perishable nature of the flower. This book explains how vegetative anatomy help in identification and delimitation of different species of Zingiberaceae in South India.The descriptions of all taxa based on morphology are also provided. A detailed study of the anatomy of 51 species and 2 varieties belonging to 9 genera are included.It is followed by taxa wise Leaf anatomical description.Keys based on both Anatomical and Morphological characters are provided for easy identification. Aerial stem anatomy, Rhizome anatomy and Xylem elements of selected members are also included.This book contains 74 figures and 27 plates related to anatomy of various parts including the habit of all the taxa studied. This work will be useful to the Teachers,Research Scholars and Graduate and undergraduate students who are interested in Taxonomy.