Grasscutter is Africa's second largest wild rodent, after the porcupine. It is the most preferred and expensive bush meat in Africa due to its high protein but low fat contents. Successful domestication of the grasscutter would make it equivalent of South American Guinea pig. This is limited due to paucity of information on its management and basic biology, particularly the nervous system, which coordinate the activities of other systems. This book is aimed at contributing to the basic biology research need for its successful domestication. The general review of mammalian brain, the correlation between structure and function and sexual dimorphism with respect to the cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb and were presented in this book. The book would be useful to the grasscutter researchers, animal scientists, the undergraduate and Postgraduate Students of Medical Sciences. It will also be useful for comparative neuroanatomical studies in rodents.