We consider theonyms, eponyms, anthroponyms, ethnonyms, ethnotoponyms and proto-languages of the Ancient world and the middle ages: Ancient texts, Apocrypha, runes, chronicle, proto-language of All, Helios, Manas, Scoof, Logos, Attila, kuninqaz, Mundus, paqanus, ethnos, Assyk, genealogia, Seneca, teles, toponymos, Atman, Ishbara, Achamenid, Afrasiab, wolf, leopard, koboz, Svarog, lingua populos, Ah kin, amazones, Mesoamerica, talascal, etc. As it seems to us, in ancient times there were such theonyms, eponyms, totems as El (God; theonym, eponym; state, political elite), AZ (theonym; eponym), OK (arrow; tribe; eponym), Beru (wolf, Wulf; eponym; totem), Kuw (Swan; eponym; totem), er (hero, hero; eponyms), AOI (theonym, eponym), AOI (theonym), eponym), tone (people, tribe; eponym), Bai (Bayat; Bui, may, Pai; God; theonym, eponym), Bar (primary matter, substance, subject; theonym), man (global good thought; eponym), etc. The book is recommended to specialists in the field of Ethnology, Ethnography, linguistics, history, literature, folklore, philosophy, political science and a wide range of readers.