This book addresses the animal rights theme, dissertating on the maltreatment crimes in the light of the Brazilian Federal Constitution, the Universal Declaration of Animal Rights and infra-constitutional laws. Thus, it will be analyzed the legislations that deal with animal rights, the effectiveness of the laws of protection through the punishments applied to crimes against animals, the main currents that seek to ensure the rights of animals and the abuses and mistreatments committed daily, mainly on behalf of humans.