Shawn E. Nordell (Senior Associate Direc Senior Associate Director, Thomas J. Valone (Associate Chair of Bi Associate Chair of Biology

Animal Behavior

Concepts, Methods, and Applications

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

EMPHASIZES CONCEPTS. Animal Behavior: Concepts, Methods, and Applications, Third Edition, uses broad organizing concepts to provide a framework for understanding the science of animal behavior. In an engaging, question-driven style, Shawn E. Nordell and Thomas J. Valone offer readers a clear learning progression for understanding and evaluating empirical research examples. FOCUSES ON METHODOLOGY AND THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE. Featured studies illustrate each concept and emphasize the experimental designs and the hypothesis testing methods scientists use to address research questions. HIGHLIGHTS REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS. Concepts are related to real life to help students understand the broader significance of animal behavior research, including applications to human behavior and conservation.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Oxford University Press Inc
• 3 Revised edition
• Seitenzahl: 512
• Erscheinungstermin: 26. August 2021
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 272mm x 218mm x 22mm
• Gewicht: 1078g
• ISBN-13: 9780190924263
• ISBN-10: 0190924268
• Artikelnr.: 68062253

Autorenporträt

Shawn E. Nordell is Educational and Career Specialist at Washington University in St. Louis. Thomas J. Valone is Professor of Biology and Director of the Reis Biological Station at Saint Louis University.

Inhaltsangabe

1. Preface
2. Chapter 1. The Science of Animal Behavior
3. 1.1 Animals and their behavior are an integral part of human society
4. Recognizing and defining behavior
5. Measuring behavior in elephant ethograms
6. 1.2 The scientific method is a formalized way of knowing about the natural
world
7. The importance of hypotheses
8. The scientific method
9. Negative results and directional hypotheses
10. Correlation and causality
11. Hypotheses and theories
12. Social sciences and the natural sciences
13. 1.3 Scientists study both the proximate mechanisms that generate behavior
and the ultimate reasons why the behavior evolved
14. Tinbergen's four questions
15. Implications of Tinbergen's work
16. 1.4 Researchers have examined animal behavior from a variety of
perspectives over time
17. Darwin and adaptation
18. Early comparative psychology
19. Comparative psychology in North America
20. Behaviorism
21. Classical ethology
22. Interdisciplinary approaches
23. 1.5 Anthropomorphic explanations of behavior assign human emotions to
animals and can be difficult to test
24. Chapter Summary and Beyond
25. Chapter Review
26. Critical Thinking and Discussion
27. Features
28. Scientific Process 1.1 Robin abundance and food availability
29. Scientific Process 1.2 Robin abundance and predators
30. Applying the Concepts 1.1 Human infant crying
31. Applying the Concepts 1.2 What is behind the "guilty look" in dogs?
32. Toolbox 1.1 Describing and summarizing data
33. Toolbox 1.2 Interpreting graphical data
34. Quantitative Reasoning 1.1 Nesting success and breeding habitats
35. Chapter 2. Methods for Studying Animal Behavior
36. 2.1 Animal behavior scientists generate and test hypotheses to answer
research questions about behavior
37. Hypothesis testing in wolf spiders
38. Generating hypotheses
39. Hypotheses and predictions from mathematical models
40. 2.2 Researchers use observational, experimental, and comparative methods to
study behavior
41. The observational method
42. The observational method and male mating tactics in bighorn sheep
43. The experimental method
44. The experimental method and jumping tadpoles
45. The comparative method
46. The comparative method and the evolution of burrowing behavior in mice
47. 2.3 Animal behavior research requires ethical animal use
48. How research can affect animals
49. Sources of ethical standards
50. The three Rs
51. 2.4 Scientific knowledge is generated and communicated to the scientific
community via peer-reviewed research
52. Chapter Summary and Beyond
53. Chapter Review
54. Critical Thinking and Discussion
55. Features
56. Scientific Process 2.1 Jumping tadpoles
57. Applying the Concepts 2.1 Project Seahorse
58. Toolbox 2.1 Animal sampling techniques
59. Toolbox 2.2 Scientific literacy
60. Quantitative Reasoning 2.1 Sampling methods
61. Chapter 3. Evolution and the Study of Animal Behavior
62. 3.1 Evolution by natural selection favors behavioral adaptations that
enhance fitness
63. Measures of heritability
64. Maternal defense behavior in mice
65. Variation within a population
66. Frequency-dependent selection
67. Fitness and adaptation
68. 3.2 Modes of natural selection describe population changes
69. Directional selection in juvenile ornate tree lizards
70. Disruptive selection in spadefoot toad tadpoles
71. Stabilizing selection in juvenile convict cichlids
72. Studying adaptation: the cost-benefit approach
73. 3.3 Individual and group selection have been used to explain cooperation
74. 3.4 Sexual selection is a form of natural selection that focuses on the
reproductive fitness of individuals
75. Sexual selection in widowbirds
76. Chapter Summary and Beyond
77. Chapter Review
78. Critical Thinking and Discussion
79. Features
80. Scientific Process 3.1 Stabilizing selection on territory size in cichlids
81. Applying the Concepts 3.1 Do lemmings commit suicide?
82. Toolbox 3.1 Genetics primer
83. Quantitative Reasoning 3.1 Presence and absence of predator cues
84. Chapter 4. Behavioral Genetics
85. 4.1 Behaviors vary in their heritability
86. 4.2 Behavioral variation is associated with genetic variation
87. Behavioral differences between wild-type and mutant-type fruit flies
88. Major and minor genes
89. Fire ant genotype and social organization
90. Experimental manipulation of gene function: knockout studies
91. Anxiety-related behavior and knockout of a hormone receptor in mice
92. QTL mapping to identify genes associated with behavior
93. QTL mapping for aphid feeding behavior
94. 4.3 The environment influences behavior via gene expression
95. Environmental effects on zebrafish aggression
96. Social environment and gene expression in fruit flies
97. Social environment and birdsong development
98. Social environment and gene expression in birds
99. Gene-environment interactions
100. Rover and sitter foraging behavior in fruit flies
101. 4.4 Genomic approaches correlate gene expression with behavioral phenotypes
102. Scouting behavior in bees
103. Genomics and alternative mating tactics in fish
104. 4.5 Genes can limit behavioral flexibility
105. Bold and shy personalities in streamside salamanders
106. Aggressive personalities in funnel-web spiders
107. Animal personalities model with fitness trade-offs
108. Environmental effects on jumping spider personalities
109. Chapter Summary and Beyond
110. Chapter Review
111. Critical Thinking and Discussion
112. Features
113. Scientific Process 4.1 Environmental effects on zebrafish aggression
114. Scientific Process 4.2 Heritability of great tit exploratory behavior
115. Scientific Process 4.3 Salamander personalities
116. Applying the Concepts 4.1 Dog behavior heritability
117. Toolbox 4.1 Molecular techniques
118. Quantitative Reasoning 4.1 Female body size and sexual cannibalism
119. Chapter 5. Sensory Systems and Behavior
120. 5.1 Animals acquire environmental information from their sensory systems
121. 5.2 Chemosensory systems detect chemicals that are perceived as tastes and
odors
122. Sweet and umami taste perception in rodents
123. Cuttlefish physiological response to odors
124. 5.3 Photoreception allows animals to detect light and perceive objects as
images
125. Color vision in monarch butterflies
126. Ultraviolet plumage reflectance in birds
127. Infrared detection in snakes
128. 5.4 Mechanoreceptors detect vibrations that travel through air, water, or
substrates
129. Ultrasonic song detection in moths
130. Long-distance communication in elephants
131. Catfish track the wake of their prey
132. Substrate-borne vibrations
133. Antlions detect substrate-borne vibrations
134. 5.5 Some animals can detect electric or magnetic fields
135. Electroreception
136. Sharks detect electric fields
137. Magnetoreception
138. 5.6 Predator and prey sensory systems co-evolve
139. Insect tympanal organs: an evolved antipredator adaptation
140. Predator-prey sensory system co-evolution in bats and moths
141. Chapter Summary and Beyond
142. Chapter Review
143. Critical Thinking and Discussion
144. Features
145. Scientific Process 5.1 Antlion mechanoreception
146. Applying the Concepts 5.1 How do mosquitoes find their victims?
147. Quantitative Reasoning 5.1 Hummingbird hawkmoths and sugar preference
148. Chapter 6. Communication
149. 6.1 Communication occurs when a specialized signal from one individual
influences the behavior of another
150. Honeybees and the waggle dance
151. Odor or the waggle dance in bees
152. Auditory signals: alarm calls
153. Titmouse alarm calls
154. Information or influence?
155. 6.2 The environment influences the evolution of signals
156. Temperature affects ant chemical signals
157. Habitat light environment affects fish visual signals
158. Habitat structure affects bowerbird auditory signals
159. 6.3 Signals often accurately indicate signaler phenotype and environmental
conditions
160. Signals as accurate indicators: theory
161. Aposematic coloration in frogs
162. Courtship signaling in spiders
163. Aggressive display and male condition in fighting fish
164. 6.4 Signals can be inaccurate indicators when the fitness interests of
signaler and receiver differ
165. Batesian mimicry and Enstaina salamanders
166. Aggressive mimicry in fangblenny fish
167. Intraspecific deception: false alarm calls
168. Topi antelope false alarm calls
169. Capuchin monkeys and inaccurate signals
170. 6.5 Communication can involve extended phenotype signals
171. Bowerbirds construct and decorate bowers
172. Sticklebacks decorate their nests
173. 6.6 Communication networks affect signaler and receiver behavior
174. Squirrel eavesdropping
175. Audience effects in fighting fish
176. Chapter Summary and Beyond
177. Chapter Review
178. Critical Thinking and Discussion
179. Features
180. Scientific Process 6.1 Signaling in male wolf spiders
181. Scientific Process 6.2 Fighting fish opercular display
182. Applying the Concepts 6.1 Pheromones and pest control
183. Applying the Concepts 6.2 Urban sounds affect signal production
184. Applying the Concepts 6.3 Human luxury brands as costly signals
185. Quantitative Reasoning 6.1 Sand hoods as extended phenotype signals
186. Chapter 7. Learning, Neuroethology, and Cognition
187. 7.1 Learning allows animals to adapt to their environment
188. Improved foraging efficiency in salamanders
189. Evolution of learning
190. Fiddler crab habituation
191. 7.2 Learning is associated with neurological changes
192. Neurotransmitters and learning in chicks
193. Dendritic spines and learning in mice
194. Avian memory of stored food
195. 7.3 Animals learn associations between stimuli and responses
196. Classical conditioning
197. Pavlovian conditioning for mating opportunities in Japanese quail
198. Fish learn novel predators
199. Operant conditioning
200. Learning curves in macaques
201. Trial-and-error learning in bees
202. 7.4 Social interactions facilitate learning
203. Learned anti-predator behaviors in prairie dogs
204. Learning about food patches
205. Social information use in sticklebacks
206. Teaching
207. Ptarmigan hens teach chicks their diet
208. Tandem running in ants
209. 7.5 Social learning can lead to the development of animal traditions and
culture
210. Foraging behavioral traditions in great tits
211. 7.6 Animals vary in their cognitive abilities
212. Tool use in capuchin monkeys
213. Problem solving and insight learning
214. Insight learning in keas
215. Numerical competency in New Zealand robins
216. Cognition and brain architecture in birds
217. Brain size and cognition in guppies
218. Cognitive performance and fitness in bowerbirds
219. Chapter Summary and Beyond
220. Chapter Review
221. Critical Thinking and Discussion
222. Features
223. Scientific Process 7.1 Brain structure and food hoarding
224. Scientific Process 7.2 Fish learn predators
225. Applying the Concepts 7.1 Operation Migration and imprinting
226. Applying the Concepts 7.2 Dog training
227. Applying the Concepts 7.3 Human social learning about dangerous animals
228. Quantitative Reasoning 7.1 Aggressiveness and learning ability
229. Chapter 8. Foraging Behavior
230. 8.1 Animals find food using a variety of sensory modalities
231. Bees use multiple senses to enhance foraging efficiency
232. Gray mouse lemurs use multiple senses to find food
233. 8.2 Visual predators find cryptic prey more effectively by learning a
search image
234. Trout and search images
235. 8.3 The optimal diet model predicts the food types an animal should include
in its diet
236. The diet model
237. A graphical solution
238. Diet choice in northwestern crows
239. Ant foraging and the effect of nutrients
240. 8.4 The optimal patch-use model predicts how long a forager should exploit
a food patch
241. The optimal patch-use model
242. Patch use by ruddy ducks
243. Optimal patch model with multiple costs
244. Fruit bats foraging on heterogeneous patches
245. Kangaroo rat foraging with variable predation costs
246. Incomplete information and food patch estimation
247. Bayesian foraging bumblebees
248. 8.5 Some animals obtain food from the discoveries of others
249. Spice finch producer-scrounger game
250. Chapter Summary and Beyond
251. Chapter Review
252. Critical Thinking and Discussion
253. Features
254. Scientific Process 8.1 Prey detection by gray mouse lemurs
255. Scientific Process 8.2 Cryptic prey reduces predator efficiency
256. Scientific Process 8.3 Patch use by fruit bats
257. Applying the Concepts 8.1 Human patch-leaving decisions
258. Applying the Concepts 8.2 GUDs and conservation
259. Toolbox 8.1 Mathematical solution to the optimal diet model
260. Quantitative Reasoning 8.1 Foraging in different habitats
261. Chapter 9. Antipredator Behavior
262. 9.1 Animals reduce predation risk by avoiding detection
263. Predator avoidance by cryptic coloration in crabs
264. Predators and reduced activity in lizards
265. Prey take evasive or aggressive action when detected
266. Startle display in butterflies
267. 9.2 Many behaviors represent adaptive trade-offs involving predation risk
268. Increased vigilance decreases feeding time
269. Vigilance and predation risk in elk
270. Rich but risky
271. Environmental conditions and predation risk in foraging redshanks
272. Mating and refuge use in fiddler crabs
273. Perceived predation risk affects reproductive behavior in sparrows
274. 9.3 Living in groups can reduce predation risk
275. The dilution effect and killifish
276. The selfish herd and vigilance behavior
277. Group size effect and the selfish herd hypothesis in doves
278. 9.4 Some animals interact with predators to deter attack
279. Predator harassment in ground squirrels
280. Pursuit deterrence and alarm signal hypotheses
281. Tail-flagging behavior in deer
282. Chapter Summary and Beyond
283. Chapter Review
284. Critical Thinking and Discussion
285. Features
286. Scientific Process 9.1 Feeding trade-off in redshanks
287. Scientific Process 9.2 Predator harassment by California ground squirrels
288. Applying the Concepts 9.1 Human fear of predators
289. Applying the Concepts 9.2 Mitigating crop damage by manipulating predation
risk
290. Quantitative Reasoning 9.1 Anti-predator vigilance in yellow-bellied
marmots
291. Chapter 10. Dispersal and Migration
292. 10.1 Dispersal reduces resource competition and inbreeding
293. Density-dependent dispersal in earthworms
294. Food-related dispersal in water boatmen
295. Inbreeding avoidance in great tits
296. 10.2 Reproductive success and public information affect breeding dispersal
behavior
297. Reproductive success and breeding dispersal in dragonflies
298. Public information and breeding dispersal in kittiwakes
299. 10.3 Individuals migrate in response to changes in the environment
300. Migration and changing resources
301. Resource variation and migration in neotropical birds
302. Heritability of migration behavior in Eurasian blackcaps
303. A model of the evolution of migration
304. Competition and migratory behavior of newts
305. Maintenance of polymorphism in migratory behavior
306. Alternative migratory behaviors in dippers
307. 10.4 Environmental cues and compass systems are used for orientation when
migrating
308. Compass systems
309. Antennae and the sun compass system in monarchs
310. The magnetic compass in sea turtles
311. Multimodal orientation
312. 10.5 Bicoordinate navigation allows individuals to identify their location
relative to a goal
313. Bicoordinate navigation and magnetic maps in sea turtles
314. Bicoordinate navigation in birds
315. Homing migration in salmon
316. Chapter Summary and Beyond
317. Chapter Review
318. Critical Thinking and Discussion
319. Features
320. Scientific Process 10.1 Breeding dispersal in dragonflies
321. Scientific Process 10.2 The role of the antennae in the monarch butterfly
sun compass
322. Applying the Concepts 10.1 Bird migration and global climate change
323. Applying the Concepts 10.2 Citizen scientists track fall migration flyways
of monarch butterflies
324. Applying the Concepts 10.3 Human magnetic orientation
325. Toolbox 10.1 Emlen funnels
326. Quantitative Reasoning 10.1 Dispersing cane toads
327. Chapter 11. Habitat Selection, Territoriality, and Aggression
328. 11.1 Resource availability and the presence of others can influence habitat
selection
329. The ideal free distribution model
330. The ideal free distribution model and guppies
331. The ideal free distribution model and pike
332. Cuckoos assess habitat quality
333. Conspecific attraction
334. Conspecific attraction and Allee effects in grasshoppers
335. Conspecific cueing in American redstarts
336. 11.2 Individual condition and environmental factors affect territoriality
337. Body condition and territoriality in damselflies
338. Environmental factors and territory size in parrotfish
339. 11.3 Hormones influence aggression
340. Winner-challenge effect in the California mouse
341. Challenge hypothesis and bystanders in fish
342. Juvenile hormone and wasp aggression
343. 11.4 Game theory models explain how the decisions of opponents and resource
value affect fighting behavior
344. The hawk-dove model
345. Wrestling behavior in red-spotted newts
346. Game theory assessment models
347. Fiddler crab contests over burrows
348. Chapter Summary and Beyond
349. Chapter Review
350. Critical Thinking and Discussion
351. Features
352. Scientific Process 11.1 Ideal free guppies
353. Scientific Process 11.2 Conspecific attraction in grasshoppers
354. Applying the Concepts 11.1 Conspecific attraction and conservation
355. Applying the Concepts 11.2 Human aggression, testosterone, and sports
356. Applying the Concepts 11.3 Reducing duration and intensity of piglet fights
357. Toolbox 11.1 The hawk-dove model
358. Quantitative Reasoning 11.1 Trout territoriality
359. Chapter 12. Mating Behavior
360. 12.1 Sexual selection favors characteristics that enhance reproductive
success
361. Why two sexes?
362. Bateman's hypothesis and parental investment
363. Weapon size and mating success in dung beetles
364. Ornaments and mate choice in peafowl
365. Male mate choice in pipefish
366. The sensory bias hypothesis in guppies
367. 12.2 Females select males to obtain direct material benefits
368. Female choice and nuptial gifts in butterflies
369. Female choice and territory quality in lizards
370. 12.3 Female mate choice can evolve via indirect benefits to offspring
371. Fisherian runaway and good genes
372. Mate choice for good genes in tree frogs
373. Good genes and the Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis
374. Mate choice fitness benefits in spiders
375. 12.4 Sexual selection can also occur after mating
376. Mate guarding in warblers
377. Sperm competition in tree swallows
378. Cryptic female choice
379. Inbreeding avoidance via cryptic female choice in spiders
380. 12.5 Mate choice by females favors alternative reproductive tactics in
males
381. The evolution of alternative reproductive tactics
382. Conditional satellite males in tree frogs
383. ESS and sunfish sneaker males
384. 12.6 Mate choice is affected by the mating decisions of others
385. Mate copying in guppies
386. Mate copying in fruit flies
387. The benefit of mate copying
388. Nonindependent mate choice by male mosquitofish
389. Chapter Summary and Beyond
390. Chapter Review
391. Critical Thinking and Discussion
392. Features
393. Scientific Process 12.1 Male mate choice in pipefish
394. Scientific Process 12.2 Mate copying in fruit flies
395. Applying the Concepts 12.1 Mate choice in conservation breeding programs
396. Applying the Concepts 12.2 Human mate choice copying
397. Quantitative Reasoning 12.1 Sneaking behavior in New Zealand giraffe
weevils
398. Chapter 13. Mating Systems
399. 13.1 Sexual conflict and environmental conditions affect the evolution of
mating systems
400. The evolution of mating systems
401. Mating systems in reed warblers
402. 13.2 Biparental care favors the evolution of monogamy
403. California mouse monogamy
404. Monogamy and biparental care in poison frogs
405. Monogamy without biparental care in snapping shrimp
406. 13.3 Polygyny and polyandry evolve when one sex can defend multiple mates
or the resources they seek
407. Female defense polygyny in horses
408. Resource defense polygyny in blackbirds
409. Resource defense polygyny in carrion beetles
410. Male dominance polygyny: the evolution of leks-hotspots or hotshots?
411. Lekking behavior in the great snipe
412. Peafowl leks
413. Polyandry and sex-role reversal
414. 13.4 The presence of social associations distinguishes polygynandry from
promiscuity
415. Polygynandry in European badgers
416. Promiscuity and scramble competition in seaweed flies and red squirrels
417. 13.5 Social and genetic mating systems differ when extra-pair mating occurs
418. Extra-pair mating in juncos
419. Marmot extra-pair mating
420. Chapter Summary and Beyond
421. Chapter Review
422. Critical Thinking and Discussion
423. Features
424. Scientific Process 13.1 Biparental care and monogamy in poison frogs
425. Scientific Process 13.2 Monogamy in snapping shrimp
426. Applying the Concepts 13.1 Mating systems and conservation translocation
programs
427. Applying the Concepts 13.2 Human mating systems
428. Toolbox 13.1 DNA fingerprinting
429. Quantitative Reasoning 13.1 Mating success of male red-backed fairy-wrens
430. Chapter 14. Parental Care
431. 14.1 Parental care varies among species and reflects life history
trade-offs
432. Life history variation in fish
433. 14.2 Sexual conflict is the basis for sex-biased parental care
434. Female-biased parental care
435. Paternity uncertainty and parental care in boobies
436. The evolution of male-only care
437. Paternity uncertainty and male-only care in sunfish
438. Paternity assurance and male care in water bugs
439. 14.3 Parental care involves fitness trade-offs between current and future
reproduction
440. Parent-offspring conflict theory
441. Predation risk and parental care in songbirds
442. Egg guarding and opportunity costs of parental care in frogs
443. Current versus future reproduction in treehoppers
444. Incubation of eider eggs as a trade-off
445. Brood reduction and parent-offspring conflict
446. Hatch asynchrony and brood reduction in blackbirds
447. Brood reduction in fur seals
448. 14.4 Brood parasitism reduces the cost of parental care and can result in a
co-evolutionary arms race
449. Conspecific brood parasitism in ducks
450. Interspecific brood parasitism and co-evolution
451. Acceptance or rejection of brown-headed cowbird eggs by hosts
452. 14.5 Hormones regulate parental care
453. Prolactin and maternal care in rats
454. Prolactin and incubation in penguins
455. Juvenile hormones and parental care in earwigs
456. Chapter Summary and Beyond
457. Chapter Review
458. Critical Thinking and Discussion
459. Features
460. Scientific Process 14.1 Paternity certainty and parental care in bluegill
sunfish
461. Scientific Process 14.2 Parental care costs in eiders
462. Scientific Process 14.3 Brood reduction in blackbirds
463. Applying the Concepts 14.1 Human life history trade-off
464. Applying the Concepts 14.2 Smallmouth bass defend their nest from exotic
predators
465. Applying the Concepts 14.3 Food supplementation reduces brood reduction in
endangered eagles
466. Quantitative Reasoning 14.1 Prey provisioning rates of American kestrals
467. Chapter 15. Sociality
468. 15.1 Sociality can evolve when the fitness advantages of close associations
exceed the costs
469. Reduced search times for food
470. Foraging benefit: Information about distant food locations
471. Antipredator benefit of sociality in birds
472. Movement benefits: Efficient aerodynamics and hydrodynamics
473. Hydrodynamics in schools of juvenile grey mullet
474. Social heterosis in ants
475. The costs of sociality
476. Group size and food competition in red colobus and red-tailed guenons
477. Sociality and disease transmission in guppies