Joanne Naughton

Annual Editions: Criminal Justice 12/13

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

The Annual Editions series is designed to provide convenient, inexpensive access to a wide range of current articles from some of the most respected magazines, newspapers, and journals published today. Annual Editions are updated on a regular basis through a continuous monitoring of over 300 periodical sources. The articles selected are authored by prominent scholars, researchers, and commentators writing for a general audience. Annual Editions volumes have a number of organizational features designed to make them especially valuable for classroom use: a general introduction; an annotated table of contents; a topic guide; an annotated listing of supporting World Wide Web sites; Learning Outcomes and a brief overview at the beginning of each unit; and a Critical Thinking section at the end of each article. Each volume also offers an online Instructor's Resource Guide with testing materials. Using Annual Editions in the Classroom is a general guide that provides a number of interesting and functional ideas for using Annual Editions readers in the classroom. Visit www.mhhe.com/annualeditions for more details.

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Produktdetails

• Annual Editions: Criminal Just
• Verlag: Dushkin Publishing
• Revised
• Seitenzahl: 208
• Erscheinungstermin: Februar 2012
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 276mm x 210mm x 10mm
• Gewicht: 376g
• ISBN-13: 9780078051272
• ISBN-10: 0078051274
• Artikelnr.: 34157132

Inhaltsangabe

Annual Editions: Criminal Justice 12/13, Thirty-Sixth Edition
Preface
Series
Correlation Guide
Topic Guide
Internet References
Unit 1: Crime and Justice in America
Unit Overview
1. What Is the Sequence of Events in the Criminal Justice System?,
Report to the Nation on Crime and Justice, Bureau of Justice
Statistics, January 1998
This report reveals that the response to crime is a complex process,
involving citizens as well as many agencies, levels, and branches of
government.
2. Fire Away, Michael Grunwald, Time, January 24, 2011
You might think attacks like the one in Tucson would lead to tougher
gun restrictions, but you'd be dead wrong. Despite periodic spasms of
attention after mass killings, gun control has made no headway at the
federal or state levels.
3. The Drug War Hits Central America, Economist, April 14, 2011
The United States is involved in Central America's drug troubles not
just because it helped cause them, but also because it will feel their
consequences. Already the lethal combination of conflict and lack of
opportunity is driving thousands of Central Americans to brave the
threat of kidnap and extortion to migrate to the United States. More
will follow if conditions worsen.
4. Perverted Justice, Jacob Sullum, Reason, July 2011
Two decades of ever-more-punitive sex crimes legislation have produced
sentencing rules so bizarre and byzantine that the punishment for
possessing images of sexually abused children can be more severe than
the punishment for sexually abusing them.
5. The Death of the War on Drugs, Lawrence T. Jablecki, PhD, The
Humanist, September/October 2009
Our war on drugs has created the still widely held belief that the
users of illegal drugs are enemies to be conquered and destroyed.
Fortunately, a fast growing number of Americans are starting to believe
that this war and its harsh penalties are costing us far too much in
both human and fiscal terms.
6. The Guilt Market, Alexandra Natapoff, Reason, July 2011
Criminal snitching threatens the integrity of the justice system.
Informants can be powerful crime-fighting tools, providing inside
information on all sorts of criminal activity, but the evidence they
offer is notoriously unreliable-more than 45 percent of wrongful
convictions in death penalty cases were due to false testimony from
snitches.
7. Universal Policing: Counterterrorism Lessons from Northern Ireland,
Justin Schoeman, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, April 2010
Lessons learned from counterinsurgency efforts in Northern Ireland
incorporate fundamental principles both universal to people across the
globe and capable of cutting through cultural lines. Therefore, they
could be applied to similar battles against terror in Iraq and
Afghanistan.
Unit 2: Victimology
Unit Overview
8. Telling the Truth about Damned Lies and Statistics, Joel Best,
Chronicle of Higher Education, May 4, 2001
We should not ignore all statistics or assume that every number is
false. Some statistics are bad, but others are useful. Joel Best thinks
that we need good statistics to talk sensibly about social problems.
9. The Face of Domestic Violence, Amanda White as told to Sarah
Elizabeth Richards, Ladies' Home Journal, March 2010
This is a first-person account of a young woman, a victim of domestic
violence, who stayed with a husband who beat her over and over again.
She explains what she went through and why she believed it would all
get better.
10. Death by Gender, Cynthia Fuchs Epstein, Dissent, Spring 2010
In "honor societies," girls and women are denied the protections that
outside affiliations and affection might provide. Deviation from the
rules imposed by male authorities may label a female as "contaminated"
and elicit harsh sanctions-including death. Girls and women must be
tightly controlled because their value in the marriage market depends
on their "virtue."
11. Elder Abuse Emerges from the Shadows of Public Consciousness,
Philip Bulman, National Institute of Justice Journal, April 2010
Two recent studies shed light on the prevalence and detection of an
often overlooked crime-elder abuse. Law enforcement officers are
becoming increasingly aware of the problem, and now have solid forensic
studies to rely on. Moreover, the public is also growing more aware of
this previously hidden problem.
12. Options for Reporting Sexual Violence: Developments over the Past
Decade, Sabrina Garcia, MA and Margaret Henderson, MPA, FBI Law
Enforcement Bulletin, May 2010
Developments in the field and changing social expectations have made
law enforcement agencies reconsider and refine their processes for
working with victims of sexual violence. "Blind reporting" can give
victims of crime a safe haven to file a report at the same time that it
removes that refuge from their assailants.
13. Forensic Interviewing Aids: Do Props Help Children Answer Questions
about Touching?, Debra Ann Poole, Maggie Bruck, and Margaret-Ellen
Pipe, Current Directions in Psychological Science, February 2011
In child sex abuse cases, studies show a lack of evidence that dolls
and diagrams produce increases in accurate details of touching compared
to verbal questions alone, but there are numerous barriers to policy
change in the field of forensic interviewing.
14. Human Sex Trafficking, Amanda Walker-Rodriguez, JD and Rodney Hill,
JD, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, March 2011
The United States not only faces an influx of international victims but
also has its own homegrown problem of interstate sex trafficking of
minors. Among the children and teens living on the streets in the
United States, involvement in commercial sex activity is a problem of
epidemic proportion.
Unit 3: The Police
Unit Overview
15. The Changing Environment for Policing, 1985-2008, David H. Bayley
and Christine Nixon, New Perspectives in Policing, National Institute
of Justice, September 2010
What are the differences in the environment for policing now compared
with the 1985-1991 timeframe? Are the problems similar or different
from one period to the other? Police today are considered to be
performing well, but this assessment may be mistaken because the
institutions that provide public safety are changing in profound ways
that are not being recognized.
16. Understanding the Psychology of Police Misconduct, Brian D. Fitch,
PhD, The Police Chief, January 2011
Law enforcement agencies go to great lengths to recruit, hire, and
train only the most qualified applicants, and most officers support the
agency, its values, and its mission, performing their duties ethically
while avoiding any misconduct or abuse of authority. Yet, despite the
best efforts of organizations everywhere, it seems that one does not
have to look very far to find examples of police misconduct.
17. Racial Profiling and Its Apologists, Tim Wise, Z Magazine, March
2002
Racial profiling cannot be justified on the basis of general crime rate
data. But, according to Tim Wise, "until and unless the stereotypes
that underlie [it] are attacked and exposed as a fraud, the practice
will likely continue. . . ." The fact remains that the typical offender
in violent crime categories is white.
18. The Art of the Police Report, Ellen Collett, Utne Reader,
March/April 2011
The purpose of a police report is to be cited in court as proof of who
did what to whom. Its ultimate agenda is justice and, because the
stakes can be high, it's written with special care. Above all, it aims
to be truthful. At the same time, to do its job, it needs to be
convincing; the story it tells should be able to persuade the people in
a jury box.
19. Police Investigations of the Use of Deadly Force Can Influence
Perceptions and Outcomes, Shannon Bohrer, MBA and Robert Chaney, FBI
Law Enforcement Bulletin, January 2010
When a police officer kills someone in the line of duty-or is killed-it
sets in motion a series of internal and external reviews and public
debates that normally does not end until several years later when the
civil and criminal court trials are over. Often it is not a law
enforcement shooting that generates negative consequences, but how the
agency handled the incident.
20. Judging Honesty by Words, Not Fid gets, Benedict Carey, The New
York Times, May 12, 2009
Forensic scientists have begun testing interrogation techniques they
hope will give police interrogators a kind of honesty screen, an
improved method of sorting doctored stories from truthful ones. It
focuses on what people say, not how they act, because liars do not
fidget any more than truth tellers.
21. Interviewing Cooperative Witnesses, Ronald P. Fisher, Rebecca
Milne, and Ray Bull, Current Directions in Psychological Science,
February 2011
Given the importance of interviewing cooperative witnesses, and
considering the current lack of formal training at police academies,
several researchers have developed theory-based interviewing protocols
to improve on eliciting information from witnesses.
22. As Mental Health Resources Shrink Police Become Front Line with
Lives at Stake, Henri E. Cauvin, Washingtonpost.com, April 19, 2011
A police officer who responded to a man threatening to jump off an old
railroad bridge, ended up on the frontline of the American public
mental health system. Like officers across the country, she was doing a
job she didn't sign up for, trying to fill holes she didn't create.
Financially strapped state and local governments are putting pressures
on police as more people with mental health problems are cut off from
treatment.
Unit 4: The Judicial System
Unit Overview
23. "I Did It": Why Do People Confess to Crimes They Didn't Commit?,
Robert Kolker, New York Magazine, October 3, 2010
In the criminal justice system, nothing is more powerful than a
confession; no other form of evidence is as convincing to a jury. We
count on the integrity of the police and safeguards like Miranda rights
to prevent abuses, and we take it on faith that innocent people would
never confess to crimes they haven't committed. But they do.
24. When Our Eyes Deceive Us, Dahlia Lithwick, Newsweek, March 23, 2009
Being part of a system that identified and ultimately convicted the
wrong man became another form of victimization. Our eyewitness
identification process is unreliable at best and can be the cause of
grievous injustice.
25. Neuroscience in the Courtroom, Michael S. Gazzaniga, Scientific
American, April 2011
Brain scans and other types of neurological evidence are rarely a
factor in trials today. Someday, however, they could transform judicial
views of personal credibility and responsibility. The greatest
influence of brain science on the law may eventually come from deeper
understanding of the neurological causes of antisocial, illegal
behaviors.
26. DNA's Dirty Little Secret, Michael Bobelian, Washington Monthly,
March/April 2010
A forensic tool renowned for exonerating the innocent may actually be
putting them in prison. Juries are rarely, if ever, presented with
evidence on the high probability of coincidental DNA matches. And when
defense attorneys see DNA evidence, most of them assume the case
against their client is airtight and start praying for a plea bargain.
27. Wrongful Convictions: How Many Innocent Americans Are behind Bars?,
Radley Balko, Reason, July 2011
Since 1989, DNA testing has freed 268 people who were convicted of
crimes they did not commit. Seventeen had been sentenced to death. The
average exoneree served 13 years in prison before he or she was freed
and only about half of the people exonerated by DNA have been
compensated at all.
28. Shaken-Baby Syndrome Faces New Questions in Court, Emily Bazelon,
The New York Times Magazine, February 6, 2011
When there are signs of mistreatment in child death cases-cuts,
bruises, burns, fractures-there's not much dispute that the children
were abused; but the only medical evidence of shaken-baby syndrome are
internal symptoms. Some doctors are taking issue with the diagnosis of
the syndrome, raising the possibility that innocent people have been
sent to jail.
29. Justice and Antonin Scalia: The Supreme Court's Most Strident
Catholic, Julia Vitullo-Martin, Commonweal, March 28, 2003
The author of this article sketches a picture of a Supreme Court
justice who can be provocative and even shocking on race, and combative
on issues that usually call for compassion, such as the death penalty.
Unit 5: Juvenile Justice
Unit Overview
30. Violence in Adolescent Dating Relationships, Ernest N. Jouriles,
PhD; Cora Platt, BA; and Renee McDonald, PhD, The Prevention
Researcher, February 2009
The teenage years mark a time in which romantic relationships begin to
emerge and these relationships can serve a number of positive
functions. However, for many juveniles, there is a darker side: dating
violence.
31. Juvenile Recidivism-Measuring Success or Failure: Is There a
Difference?, Colette S. Peters and Shannon Myrick, Corrections Today,
February/March 2011
Recidivism reveals whether juvenile offenders who leave custody go on
to lead crime-free lives, but not whether they lead productive
crime-free lives. Recidivism does not measure whether these young
adults demonstrate successful pro-social behavior and contribute in a
positive way to their communities.
32. The Long View of Crime, Pat Kaufman, National Institute of Justice
Journal, April 2010
The wide-angle lens of longitudinal research is a powerful tool for
sorting out some of the chicken-and-egg, "which came first" issues at
the heart of criminal research. Many studies shed new light on, or even
skewer, time-honored criminological theories. It has been learned that
of all the role transitions examined, marriage most effectively and
consistently reduces deviance.
33. Menacing or Mimicking? Realities of Youth Gangs, James C. Howell,
Juvenile and Family Court Journal, April 2007
Since the 1980s, youth gangs in the United States have been a high
priority for law enforcement, and the subject of a great deal of media
attention, particularly in urban areas. Despite all the attention,
youth gangs remain poorly defined and vaguely characterized, and myths
about them complicate the determination of appropriate community
responses.
34. Whither Young Offenders? The Debate Has Begun, Trey Bundy, The New
York Times, January 22, 2011
A former Fresno gang member spent two years inside California's
juvenile prison system and he said that, instead of rehabilitating
young offenders, correctional officers spent most of their time
separating rival gangs. In recent years, some local judges often
refused to send young offenders to state institutions, preferring to
confine them in county facilities regarded as safer and more effective.
35. Preventing Future Crime with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Patrick
Clark, National Institute of Justice Journal, April 2010
One form of psychotherapy stands out in the criminal justice system.
Cognitive behavioral therapy reduces recidivism in both juveniles and
adults; it has been found to be effective with substance abusing and
violent offenders; and probationers, prisoners and parolees.
Therapeutic approaches based on counseling, skill building, and
multiple services had the greatest impact in reducing further criminal
behavior.
36. Interviewing Compliant Adolescent Victims, Catherine S. Connell,
MSW and Martha J. Finnegan, MSW, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, May 2010
When adolescents do not see themselves as victims, investigators will
have challenges in conducting the investigation and interviewing these
victims. By staying focused on the juvenile as a victim, the
interviewer avoids inflicting additional trauma, or inhibiting
disclosure, or instilling in the adolescent a fear of not being
believed. Interviewers must also learn about state and federal statutes
regarding child protection issues.
Unit 6: Punishment and Corrections
Unit Overview
37. Bring Back the Lash: Why Flogging Is More Humane Than Prison, Peter
Moskos, Washington Monthly, May/June 2011
Is flogging too cruel to contemplate? If so, given the hypothetical
choice between prison and flogging, why would you choose flogging?
Perhaps it's not as crazy as you thought. As ugly as it may seem,
corporal punishment would be an effective and comparatively humane way
to bring our prison population back in line with world standards.
38. Inmate Count in U.S. Dwarfs Other Nations', Adam Liptak, The New
York Times, April 23, 2008
The United States leads the world in producing prisoners: this article
is a reflection of a relatively recent and now entirely distinctive
American approach to crime and punishment. Americans are locked up for
crimes that would rarely produce prison sentences in other countries.
And in particular, they are kept incarcerated far longer than prisoners
in other nations.
39. Prisoners of Parole, Jeffrey Rosen, The New York Times, January 10,
2010
In many states, the majority of prison admissions come not from arrests
for new crimes, but from probation and parole violations. A judge in
Hawaii decided to try something new with convicted offenders with drug
problems who had been sentenced to probation. The HOPE program, if
widely adopted as a model for probation and parole reform, could make a
surprisingly large contribution to reducing the prison population.
40. A Boom behind Bars, Graeme Wood, Bloomberg Businessweek, March 17,
2011
Private jail operators like the Corrections Corporation of America are
making millions off the crackdown on illegal aliens. CCA earns about
$90 a day per person to keep immigrants behind bars and to manage every
aspect of detainees' lives; locking up aliens will provide "meaningful
opportunity for the industry for the foreseeable future."
41. One Clique: Why Rivals on the Streets Become Allies behind Bars,
Sharrod Campbell, Corrections Today, February 2009
Race is one of the strongest commonality factors among prison inmates.
This primary division is often broken down into other groups or
associations, and this is where many "security threat groups"-gangs-are
formed.
42. New Spanish Practice Aims to Break the Cycle among Mothers and
Children, Sophie Feintuch, Corrections Today, December 2010
The issues of female incarceration and what to do with young children
have become particularly pressing in recent years as female
incarceration rates have skyrocketed, with most of these women being
mothers. Countries have responded to this phenomenon with a wide range
of policies, including the U.S. practice of separating incarcerated
mothers from their young children, which can be problematic.
43. Supermax Prisons, Jeffrey Ian Ross, PhD, Society, March/April 2007
The isolation, lack of meaningful activity, and shortage of human
contact take their toll on supermax residents, often leading to severe
psychological disorders. Several corrections and human rights
organizations question whether these prisons are a violation of our
Constitution.
44. The Results of American Incarceration, Todd R. Clear, December 2003
Any answer to the question, "What do we get from imprisonment?," has to
recognize that U.S. imprisonment operates differently than does
imprisonment in any other democratic state in the world. The author
discusses the American war on crime-with the resulting 600 percent
increase in prison populations-proposing that our prison population
results mostly from U.S. policies enacted to deal with crime, and much
less from crime itself.
45. Addressing Gender Issues among Staff in Community Corrections,
Kelli D. Stevens, Corrections Today, October 2010
The number of women under correctional supervision has increased
significantly during the past several decades, but the policies
addressing the criminality of women and how they are treated in the
criminal justice system have not kept pace. And, while community
corrections organizations are actively addressing the needs of female
offenders, they are still struggling to meet the needs of female
professionals working in the field.
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